Nature reviews. Neurology
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Nature reviews. Neurology · Feb 2012
Review Historical ArticleMultiple sclerosis in 2011: Advances in therapy, imaging and risk factors in MS.
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Nature reviews. Neurology · Dec 2011
ReviewInvasive brain stimulation for the treatment of neuropathic pain.
Neurostimulation therapy is indicated for neuropathic pain that is refractory to medical treatment, and includes stimulation of the dorsal spinal cord, deep brain structures, and the precentral motor cortex. Spinal cord stimulation is validated in the treatment of selected types of chronic pain syndromes, such as failed back surgery syndrome. Deep brain stimulation (DBS) has shown promise as a treatment for peripheral neuropathic pain and phantom limb pain. ⋯ Despite technical progress in neurosurgical navigation, results from studies of MCS are variable, and validated criteria for selecting good candidates for implantation are lacking. However, the evidence in favor of MCS is sufficient to include it in the range of therapeutic options for refractory neuropathic pain. In this Review, the respective efficacies and mechanisms of action of DBS and MCS are discussed.