Nature reviews. Endocrinology
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A growing body of literature examines the burden of sex-specific risk factors for cardiovascular disease. Women with diabetes mellitus have a higher risk of coronary heart disease than men with diabetes mellitus. A recent study provides strong evidence that women with diabetes mellitus also have an increased risk of stroke.
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A new report provides compelling evidence of the high prevalence of endocrine disorders in childhood cancer survivors, which begins soon after diagnosis and persists throughout adulthood. This finding highlights the need for awareness and education in primary care, and for specialized physicians to provide health care to adult survivors of childhood cancer.
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Endometriosis is defined as the presence of endometrial-type mucosa outside the uterine cavity. Of the proposed pathogenic theories (retrograde menstruation, coelomic metaplasia and Müllerian remnants), none explain all the different types of endometriosis. According to the most convincing model, the retrograde menstruation hypothesis, endometrial fragments reaching the pelvis via transtubal retrograde flow, implant onto the peritoneum and abdominal organs, proliferate and cause chronic inflammation with formation of adhesions. ⋯ Although lesion eradication is considered a fertility-enhancing procedure, the benefit on reproductive performance is moderate. Assisted reproductive technologies constitute a valid alternative. Endometriosis is associated with a 50% increase in the risk of epithelial ovarian cancer, but preventive interventions are feasible.