Injury
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While transport-related injuries represent a leading cause of death for all Australians, several disparities exist between Indigenous and non-Indigenous populations. Compared to non-Indigenous Australians, Indigenous Australians are more than twice as likely to have a transport-related fatal injury, with fatality risk remaining high with age while declining among the non-Indigenous community. Few studies and appropriate databases exist to elucidate the causes and solutions to this over-representation. This paper presents a summary of known risk factors, discusses the impact of road injury at multiple levels and suggests steps towards addressing this significant public health problem.
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To investigate in fractures of the fifth metacarpal neck whether there is any difference in functional results of non-operative treatments with dorsal angulation either below or above 30 degrees. ⋯ With non-operative treatment of fractures of the neck of the fifth metacarpal, similar results were achieved with dorsal angulation either above or below 30 degrees. A dorsal angulation less than 45 degrees may be treated conservatively.
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Risk factors for mortality after blunt cervical trauma have received little attention within the literature. Therefore, we performed a study, to determine which factors are associated with mortality in patients with blunt cervical trauma. ⋯ Age and involvement of the third cervical vertebrae were both independent predictors of mortality. Age has been previously described as a risk factor for adverse prognosis in different diseases and trauma's. However, involvement of the third cervical vertebrae has not yet been described as a significant risk factor. Before implementation within trauma support further research is needed to evaluate the role of the third cervical vertebra regarding adverse prognosis and mortality in trauma patients.
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Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a very destructive process for both patients and society. Lipid peroxidation is the main cause of the further secondary damage which starts after mechanical destruction of tissues. Recent studies have shown that erythropoietin (EPO) has neuroprotective properties. ⋯ In conclusion, our results suggest that 150 i.u./kg i.p. EPO, a therapeutic dose in anaemic patients, applied after 1h of spinal cord injury significantly attenuated the oxidative damage of spinal cord injuries in rats. This activity is abolished via ketamine pretreatment.
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We report our experience of elastic stable intramedullary nailing (ESIN) of severely displaced proximal humeral fracture Type III and IV according to Neer in children. Thirty-five children (mean age 12.7 years) with 19 Salter-Harris Type II epiphyseal fractures and 16 children with metaphyseal fractures of the proximal humerus were treated with ESIN by one-nail or two-nail-technique. There were the following complications: two perforations of the nail at the head of the humerus with loss of position, one loss of position without nail perforation, one misplacement of a nail, one revision due to haematoma and two difficult removals of metal. ⋯ On average they gained 99 points. All children were able to resume their sporting activities as before. For the treatment of displaced proximal humeral fractures in children more than 10 years old the retrograde ESIN represents a safe minimal invasive surgical procedure.