Injury
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Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative Study
A retrospective cohort study of suspected child maltreatment cases resulting in hospitalization.
Although the incidence and risk factors of child abuse have been well researched, there continues to be a need for large studies that provide information regarding the process of recognizing children whose health and lives are most seriously threatened by abuse and neglect, in particular children requiring hospitalization as a result of child abuse. The purpose of this study was to (1) describe differences in the type of injuries and illnesses of children hospitalized for abuse and neglect and (2) assess the relationship between in-hospital mortality and child maltreatment. ⋯ There were distinct diagnostic patterns and outcomes among suspected cases of child maltreatment admitted to Illinois hospitals over a 10-year period. This large retrospective cohort study confirms findings reported in many smaller studies and larger national cross-sectional surveys.
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Randomized Controlled Trial
Continuous lateral rotational therapy and systemic inflammatory response in posttraumatic acute lung injury: results from a prospective randomised study.
The incidence of posttraumatic acute lung injury is high and may result in increased mortality. Changes in the body position are additional measures to improve pulmonary gas exchange and to prevent pulmonary complications. We investigated the effect of a continuous lateral rotational therapy (CLRT) on the inflammatory response in patients with posttraumatic lung failure. ⋯ CLRT may attenuate the inflammatory response to posttraumatic acute lung injury. The exact mechanism of such an effect is unknown.
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A regional trauma registry (RTR) collects injury data from multiple hospitals in a given region; however, the differences among RTRs have not yet been thoroughly investigated. ⋯ We identified 17 RTRs, analysed the differences among RTRs and investigated the effect of the inclusion criteria on patient demographics. These findings may be useful when improving or developing RTRs.
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Organ demand exceeds availability of transplantable organs. Organ procurement continues to suffer from failures to identify potential donors, inability to obtain consent for donation, as well as failures to retrieve certain organs as donor demographics change. The purpose of this article is to propose how sequentially introduced measures can increase organ donation rates as well as improve organ procurement. ⋯ Sequential improvements in organ procurement can increase the yield of retrieved organs. The same measures can be applied to other hospitals and lead to comparable improvements in organ donation.
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Due to the infrequent occurrence of large animal-related injury (LARI) in many areas, their significance as a public health problem could be overlooked. The purpose of this study was to examine the demographics and injury disparities associated with LARI. ⋯ Disparities based on age and gender are associated with hospital admission for LARI in the United States. These admissions have a significant impact on the healthcare system with nationwide cost estimates of nearly $60 million. These findings represent potential areas for targeted prevention efforts.