Injury
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Sarcopenia is defined as a loss of muscle mass and function, which can be caused by normal ageing or factors such as physical inactivity. Severe health consequences caused by sarcopenia highlight the need for early identification. Computed Tomography (CT) imaging, often mentioned as the gold standard due to its accuracy, is costly and not routinely performed in daily clinical care. Ultrasound of the rectus femoris, however, is low in costs and easily accessible. The aim is to present the current and most recent literature regarding the diagnostic value of ultrasound measurements of the rectus femoris for the diagnosis of sarcopenia in adults. ⋯ Ultrasound of the rectus femoris muscle to diagnose sarcopenia has been shown to be a promising method in multiple clinical populations. However, there were some limitations such as a high methodological heterogeneity. Future research should develop standardized protocols and determine clear cut-off values to allow for a better implementation of ultrasound in clinical practice.
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The optimal surgical approach for the posterior tibial plateau fractures (PTPFs) remains controversial. This study aims to establish a method for posterior fragment segment classification to guide the choice of surgical approach and to reveal the outcome of their early reduction and health status. ⋯ PTPFs patients treated under the guidance of posterior fragment segment classification achieved encouraging levels of immediate fixation and health status.
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Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is the most significant cause of death and disability resulting from major trauma. The aim of this study is to describe the demographics of TBI patients, the current pathways of care and outcomes in the Republic of Ireland from 2014 to 2019. ⋯ This population-based study bench marks the 'as is' for patients with TBI in Ireland. We found that presently in Ireland, the mortality rate from severe TBI appears to be higher than that reported in international literature, and only a minority of severe TBI patients are brought directly from the incident to a neurosurgical centre. The new major trauma system should focus on providing effective and efficient access to neurosurgical, neuro-critical and neuro-rehabilitative care for patients who sustain TBI.
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To guide iliosacral screws (ISS) and verify safe placement different techniques, e.g. Fluoroscopy-guided (FSG) or 3D navigation are known. However, higher radiation exposure for the conventional technique is a concern. It was the aim of this experimental study to evaluate radiation exposure for three clinical workflows. ⋯ Intraoperative 3D scanning may be recommended, either combined with prior FSG ISS placement or following 3D navigation without increasing radiation exposure compared with alternative workflows with postoperative CT control.
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Antegrade posterior column screw (aPCS) fixation via the anterior approach has been widely used for separated the posterior columns in acetabular fracture treatment. Although the relationship between pelvic dysmorphism and sacroiliac screws has been widely studied, no studies have reported on the clinical impact of pelvic dysmorphism on acetabular fractures. This study aimed to reveal the difference in the insertion angle and entry point of aPCS between the dysmorphic and normal pelvises. ⋯ The present study describes a difference in the corridor of aPCS between the dysmorphic and normal pelvis. Insertion of aPCS in the dysmorphic pelvis requires a more acute angular trajectory in the sagittal plane than that in the normal pelvis.