Injury
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Health services are challenged with providing trauma care to an increasingly elderly population. The objectives of this study were to determine the in-hospital mortality for injured elderly patients, and by analysing key features of their management, to ascertain whether these trauma patients were managed less aggressively than their younger counterparts. Main outcome measures included; use of resuscitation room facilities, senior medical staff involvement, admission to intensive care units, transfers to regional neurosurgical centres and mortality. ⋯ Significantly more of the elderly died than would be predicted. Age appears to be an independent factor in the process of trauma care in Scottish hospitals. We consider that outcomes for the injured elderly could be improved by a more dynamic approach to their management.
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Comparative Study
K-wire position in tension band wiring of the olecranon - a comparison of two techniques.
Tension band wiring is a recognised standard treatment for olecranon fractures. We studied the effect of K-wire position on backing out of the wire in a group of 80 patients with closed transverse olecranon fractures with a minimum follow-up time of 9 months. The rate of wires backing out as seen on X-ray was three times greater in patients who had K-wires passed down the long axis of the ulna rather than across the anterior cortex as recommended by the AO group. ⋯ The maximum pull-out strength for each configuration was recorded in 20 elbow joints. The average maximum pullout strength for the intramedullary wires was 56.3 N (range 27. 7-95.6 N) and 122.7 N for the transcortical wires (range 56.7-201.2). The results of both the clinical study and biomechanical data support the routine use of transcortical placement of K-wires in tension-band wiring of transverse olecranon fractures.
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The removal of broken implanted intramedullary nails secondary to re-fracture or non-union is challenging. In 12 cases a simple and safe method has been used to remove broken implants.
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Today there is a variety of different interlocking intramedullary nail designs available for the femur. We compared different nail types in the bone implant complex (BIC) of four unreamed solid nails and a slotted reamed nail with simulated comminuted mid shaft fractures to see if there are major differences in stiffness for axial load, bending and torsion. The fractures were simulated by a 2 cm defect osteotomy in paired human cadaver femora. ⋯ Compared to intact bone (6.9 Nm/degrees), both groups of nails were significantly less stiff (relative stiffness 2-20%). In axial load and bending testing the large diameter unreamed nail showed significantly higher stiffness (32-68%). This study shows that stiffness of bone implant complex in interlocking femoral nails is more dependent on nail profile than on the pressfit of nails in the medullary canal.