Chest
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Bronchopulmonary C-fibers and a subset of mechanically sensitive, acid-sensitive myelinated sensory nerves play essential roles in regulating cough. These vagal sensory nerves terminate primarily in the larynx, trachea, carina, and large intrapulmonary bronchi. ⋯ The brainstem and higher brain control systems that process this sensory information are complex, but our current understanding of them is considerable and increasing. The relevance of these neural systems to clinical phenomena, such as urge to cough and psychologic methods for treatment of dystussia, is high, and modern imaging methods have revealed potential neural substrates for some features of cough in the human.
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Multicenter Study Comparative Study
Unique Predictors of Mortality in Patients With Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension Associated With Systemic Sclerosis in the Reveal Registry.
Patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) associated with systemic sclerosis (SSc-APAH) experience higher mortality rates than patients with idiopathic disease and those with other connective tissue diseases (CTD-APAH). We sought to identify unique predictors of mortality associated with SSc-APAH in the CTD-APAH population. ⋯ Patients with SSc-APAH have higher mortality rates than patients with non-SSc-CTD-APAH. Identifying patients with SSc-APAH who are at a particularly high risk of death, including elderly men and patients with low baseline SBP or 6MWD, or markedly elevated mRAP or PVR, will enable physicians to identify patients who may benefit from closer monitoring and more aggressive treatment.
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Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative Study Clinical Trial
The Anticoagulation of Calf Thrombosis (ACT) project: results from the randomized controlled external pilot trial.
There is currently little evidence defining the clinical importance of detecting and treating isolated distal DVT (IDDVT). International guidelines vary regarding diagnostic and therapeutic advice. The potential benefits of anticoagulation are unquantified. We sought to evaluate the feasibility of a randomized controlled study within a modern framework and provide a primary outcome point estimate. ⋯ We have established the feasibility of definitive study regarding the value of therapeutic anticoagulation in IDDVT and provide an approximate point estimate for serious complications with a contemporary conservative strategy.
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Multicenter Study Observational Study
End-of-Life Expenditure in the ICU and Perceived Quality of Dying.
Although end-of-life care in the ICU accounts for a large proportion of health-care costs, few studies have examined the association between costs and satisfaction with care. The objective of this study was to investigate the association of ICU costs with family- and nurse-assessed quality of dying and family satisfaction. ⋯ Family-rated satisfaction with care and quality of dying varied depending on insurance status, with underinsured families rating satisfaction with care and quality of dying higher when average daily ICU costs were higher. However, patients with higher costs were assessed by nurses as having a poorer quality of dying. These findings highlight important differences between family and clinician perspectives and the important role of insurance status.
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Comparative Study
LONG-TERM EFFECTS OF A PROGRAM TO INCREASE PHYSICAL ACTIVITY IN SMOKERS.
Programs aimed at increasing physical activity in daily life (PADL) have generated growing interest to prevent the deleterious effects of physical inactivity. Recent literature has shown that a short-term protocol using pedometers increased PADL in smokers with normal lung function. However, the long-term effects of such a protocol were not yet studied. The objective of this study was to evaluate the results of 1-year follow-up after a program aimed at increasing PADL in smokers with normal lung function. ⋯ In smokers with normal lung function, improvements in daily physical activity, exercise capacity, anxiety, and depression obtained through a 5-month program aimed at increasing physical activity are sustained 1 year after completion of the program. Furthermore, such a program can contribute to smoking cessation in this population.