Chest
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Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are produced by virtually all metabolic processes of the body. As such, they have potential to serve as noninvasive metabolic biomarkers. Since exhaled VOCs are either derived from the respiratory tract itself or have passed the lungs from the circulation, they are candidate biomarkers in the diagnosis and monitoring of pulmonary diseases in particular. ⋯ Second, breath collection and analysis procedures need to be standardized to allow pooling of data. Finally, apart from probabilistic analysis for diagnostic purposes, detailed examination of the nature of volatile biomarkers not only will improve our understanding of the pathophysiologic origins of these markers and the nature of potential confounders but also can enable the development of sensors that exhibit maximum sensitivity and specificity toward specific applications. By adhering to such an approach, exhaled biomarkers can be validated in the diagnosis, monitoring, and treatment of patients in pulmonary medicine and contribute to the development of personalized medicine.
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The advances in PET scanning for thoracic diseases that are deemed most likely to have clinical impact in the near-term future are highlighted in this article. We predict that the current practice of medicine will continue to embrace the power of molecular imaging and specifically PET scanning. 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose-PET scanning will continue to evolve and will expand into imaging of inflammatory disorders. ⋯ These will result in significant improvements in image quality, improving the evaluation of smaller lung nodules and metastases and allowing better prediction of prognosis. The birth of clinical PET/MRI scan will add new imaging opportunities, such as better PET imaging of pleural diseases currently obscured by complex patient motion.
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Multicenter Study
Rates and Correlates of Relapse Following Emergency Department Discharge for Acute Asthma: A Canadian 20-Site Prospective Cohort Study.
Acute asthma is a common ED presentation. In a prospective, multicenter cohort study, we determined the frequency and factors associated with asthma relapse following discharge from the ED. ⋯ Despite receiving guideline-concordant antiinflammatory treatments at ED discharge, almost one in five patients relapsed within 4 weeks. Female sex, prolonged symptoms, treatment-related factors, and markers of prior asthma severity were significantly associated with relapse. These results may help physicians target more aggressive interventions for patients at high risk of relapse.
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Review
Factors Associated with Family Satisfaction with End-of-Life Care in the ICU: A Systematic Review.
Family satisfaction with end-of-life care in the ICU has not previously been systematically reviewed. Our objective was to perform a review, synthesizing published data identifying factors associated with family satisfaction with end-of-life care in critically ill adult populations. ⋯ Good-quality communication, support for shared decision-making, and specific patient-care measures were associated with increased satisfaction with end-of-life care. Assessing the family's desire to participate in shared decision-making may also be an important factor. Few interventions increased satisfaction. Future research is needed to further define optimal communication strategies, understand effective integration of palliative care into the ICU, and define significant score changes in survey instruments.
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Multicenter Study Clinical Trial
Endosonography for mediastinal nodal staging of clinical N1 non-small cell lung cancer: a prospective multicenter study.
Patients with clinical N1 (cN1) lung cancer based on imaging are at risk for malignant mediastinal nodal involvement (N2 disease). Endosonography with a needle technique is suggested over surgical staging as a best first test for preoperative invasive mediastinal staging. The addition of a confirmatory mediastinoscopy seems questionable in patients with a normal mediastinum on imaging. This prospective multicenter trial investigated the sensitivity of preoperative linear endosonography and mediastinoscopy for mediastinal nodal staging of cN1 lung cancer. ⋯ Endosonography alone has an unsatisfactory sensitivity to detect mediastinal nodal metastasis in cN1 lung cancer, and the addition of a confirmatory mediastinoscopy is of added value.