Chest
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Exhaled breath temperature (EBT) is a new noninvasive method for the study of inflammatory respiratory diseases with a potential to reach clinical practice. However, few studies are available regarding the validation of this method, and they were mainly derived from small, pediatric populations; thus, the range of normal values is not well established. The aim of this study was to measure EBT values in an Italian population of 298 subjects (mean age, 45.2 ± 15.5 years; 143 male subjects; FEV1, 97.2% ± 5.8%; FVC, 98.4% ± 3.9%) selected from 867 adult volunteers to define reference values in healthy subjects and to analyze the influence of individual and external variables on this parameter. ⋯ In a large population of healthy subjects who never smoked, these data provide reference values for measuring EBT as a basis for future studies. Our results are contribute to the promotion of EBT from "bench" to "bedside."
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Despite the relationship between idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) and advancing age, little is known about the epidemiology of interstitial lung disease (ILD) in the elderly. We describe the diagnoses, clinical characteristics, and outcomes of patients who were elderly at the time of ILD diagnosis. ⋯ Although IPF was the single most common diagnosis, the majority of elderly subjects had non-IPF ILD. Our findings highlight the need for every patient with new-onset ILD, regardless of age, to be surveyed for exposures and findings of CTD. Unclassifiable ILD was common among the elderly, but for most, the radiographic pattern was inconsistent with UIP. Although the effect of ILD may be more pronounced in the elderly due to reduced global functionality, ILD was not more severe or aggressive in this group.
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Asthma disproportionately affects minority populations and is associated with psychosocial stress such as racial/ethnic discrimination. We aimed to examine the association of perceived discrimination with asthma and poor asthma control in African American and Latino youth. ⋯ Perceived discrimination is associated with increased odds of asthma and poorer control among African American youth. SES exacerbates the effect of perceived discrimination on having asthma among Mexican American and other Latino youth.
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Diaphragm flutter is a rare disorder defined by dyspnea and often thoracoabdominal pain associated with rapid rhythmic involuntary contractions of the diaphragm with no effective treatment. A 35-year-old woman's flutter was triggered by increasing the depth of breathing and by (electrical) stimulation of the diaphragm. Medical therapy, phrenic nerve crush, and diaphragm pacer stimulation were ineffective. ⋯ For 16 months, it has continued to halt flutter with rare episodes when getting out of bed that resolve with up to 40 minutes of NVS. To our knowledge, this is the first case of idiopathic diaphragmatic flutter for which diaphragm rest was used as successful treatment with no adverse effects. This should be tried for future cases.
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Case Reports
A 46-Year-Old Man With Dyspnea, Hypoxemia, and Radiographic Asymmetry After Redo Bilateral Lung Transplantation.
A 46-year-old man underwent redo bilateral sequential lung transplantation for rapidly progressive bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome that developed 3.5 years after initial transplantation. In the operating room, he was sedated and intubated with a dual lumen endotracheal tube with subsequent single right-lung ventilation and left allograft implantation. His pulmonary arterial pressure became elevated with reperfusion of the newly implanted left lung, which required initiation of cardiopulmonary bypass to facilitate implantation of the right lung. ⋯ His chest was closed and he was transferred to the thoracic intensive care unit. On arrival to the intensive care unit, the patient was intubated, sedated, and had an oxygen saturation of 92% on a fraction of inspired oxygen of 100%, positive end-expiratory pressure of 10 cm H2O, and 20 parts per million of inhaled nitric oxide. He had a Swan-Ganz catheter in the right internal jugular vein that measured a mean pulmonary arterial pressure of 33 mm Hg and a pulmonary arterial systolic pressure of 63 mm Hg, which remained persistently elevated and prompted further diagnostic evaluation.