Chest
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Multicenter Study
Bronchiectasis Rheumatoid overlap syndrome (BROS) is an independent risk factor for mortality in patients with bronchiectasis: A multicentre cohort study.
This study assessed if bronchiectasis (BR) and rheumatoid arthritis (RA), when manifesting as an overlap syndrome (BROS), were associated with worse outcomes than other BR etiologies applying the Bronchiectasis Severity Index (BSI). ⋯ Both the BROS and BCOS groups have an excess of mortality. The mechanisms for this finding may be complex, but these data emphasize that these subgroups require additional study to understand this excess mortality.
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Randomized Controlled Trial Multicenter Study
A randomized trial of the amikacin fosfomycin inhalation system for the adjunctive therapy of Gram-negative ventilator-associated pneumonia: IASIS Trial.
Clinical failures in ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) caused by gram-negative bacteria are common and associated with substantial morbidity, mortality, and resource utilization. ⋯ In this trial of adjunctive aerosol therapy compared with standard of care IV antibiotics in patients with gram-negative VAP, the AFIS was ineffective in improving clinical outcomes despite reducing bacterial burden.
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Comparative Study Observational Study
Invasive Disease versus Urinary Antigen Confirmed Pneumococcal Community-Acquired Pneumonia.
The burden of pneumococcal disease is measured only through patients with invasive pneumococcal disease. The urinary antigen test (UAT) for pneumococcus has exhibited high sensitivity and specificity. We aimed to compare the pneumococcal pneumonias diagnosed as invasive disease with pneumococcal pneumonias defined by UAT results. ⋯ A high percentage of confirmed pneumococcal pneumonia is diagnosed by UAT. Despite differences in clinical characteristics and outcomes, IPP is not an independent risk factor for 30-day mortality compared with NIPP, reinforcing the importance of NIPP for pneumococcal pneumonia.
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Ex vivo lung perfusion (EVLP) promises to be a comprehensive platform for assessment, reconditioning, and preservation of donor lungs and has been dramatically changing the face of clinical lung transplantation. Besides its increasing role in lung transplantation, EVLP has also been recognized as a useful tool for translational research involving the lungs. ⋯ By combining EVLP with advances in regenerative medicine, stem cell biology, and oncology, the evolving technology of EVLP has tremendous potential to advance pulmonary medicine and science. In this review, we revisit recent advances in EVLP technology and research and discuss the future translation of EVLP applications into life-changing medicine.