Chest
-
Review Meta Analysis
Incidence of pneumonitis with use of PD-1 and PD-L1 inhibitors in non-small cell lung cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of trials.
Programmed death 1 (PD-1) programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) inhibitors show significant clinical activity in non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC). However, they are often associated with potentially fatal immune-mediated pneumonitis. Preliminary reports of trials suggest a difference in the rate of pneumonitis with PD-1 and PD-L1 inhibitors. We sought to determine the overall incidence of pneumonitis and differences according to type of inhibitors and prior chemotherapy use. ⋯ There was a higher incidence of pneumonitis with use of PD-1 inhibitors compared with PD-L1 inhibitors. Higher rate of pneumonitis was more common in treatment naive patients.
-
Review Meta Analysis
Clinical characteristics of pertussis-associated cough in adults and children: a diagnostic systematic review and meta-analysis.
Pertussis (whooping cough) is a highly infective cause of cough that causes significant morbidity and mortality. Existing case definitions include paroxysmal cough, whooping, and posttussive vomiting, but diagnosis can be difficult. We determined the diagnostic accuracy of clinical characteristics of pertussis-associated cough. ⋯ In adult patients, the presence of whooping or posttussive vomiting should rule in a possible diagnosis of pertussis, whereas the lack of a paroxysmal cough or the presence of fever should rule it out. In children, posttussive vomiting is much less helpful as a clinical diagnostic test.
-
Randomized Controlled Trial Multicenter Study
The Long-Term Effect of Bacille Calmette-Guérin Vaccination on Tuberculin Skin Testing: A 55-Year Follow-Up Study.
Bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccination is known to cause false-positive tuberculin skin test (TST) results from cross-reactions with mycobacterial antigens. However, the duration of BCG vaccination influence on the TST is poorly characterized. The objective of this study was to assess the long-term effect of BCG vaccination on TST reactivity. ⋯ This study provides evidence that BCG vaccination after infancy may influence TST results beyond the 10-year period conventionally accepted by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), extending up to 55 years after vaccination. This suggests that BCG vaccination should be taken into account when interpreting TST results regardless of the time elapsed since vaccination.