Chest
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Observational Study
Preemptive Anticoagulation of Patients with a High Pretest Probability of Pulmonary Embolism: Are Guidelines Followed?
Guidelines suggest anticoagulation of patients with high pretest probability of pulmonary embolism (PE) while awaiting diagnostic test results (preemptive anticoagulation). Data relevant to the practice of preemptive anticoagulation are not available. ⋯ Physicians rarely use preemptive anticoagulation in patients with a high pretest probability for PE. Clinicians do not expedite CTPA examinations for patients with a high pretest probability for PE.
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Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative Study
Tai Chi and Pulmonary Rehabilitation Compared for Treatment-Naive Patients With COPD: A Randomized Controlled Trial.
In COPD, functional status is improved by pulmonary rehabilitation (PR) but requires specific facilities. Tai Chi, which combines psychological treatment and physical exercise and requires no special equipment, is widely practiced in China and is becoming increasingly popular in the rest of the world. We hypothesized that Tai Chi is equivalent (ie, difference less than ±4 St. George's Respiratory Questionnaire [SGRQ] points) to PR. ⋯ Tai Chi is equivalent to PR for improving SGRQ in COPD. Twelve weeks after exercise cessation, a clinically significant difference in SGRQ emerged favoring Tai Chi. Tai Chi is an appropriate substitute for PR.
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Multicenter Study
The BRICS (Bronchiectasis Radiologically Indexed CT Score): A Multicenter Study Score for Use in Idiopathic and Postinfective Bronchiectasis.
The goal of this study was to develop a simplified radiological score that could assess clinical disease severity in bronchiectasis. ⋯ A simplified CT scoring system can be used as an adjunct to clinical parameters to predict disease severity in patients with idiopathic and postinfective bronchiectasis.
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Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), a progressive disease with an unknown pathogenesis, may be due in part to an abnormal response to injurious stimuli by alveolar epithelial cells. Air pollution and particulate inhalation of matter evoke a wide variety of pulmonary and systemic inflammatory diseases. We therefore hypothesized that increased average ambient particulate matter (PM) concentrations would be associated with an accelerated rate of decline in FVC in IPF. ⋯ Ambient air pollution, as measured by average PM10 concentration, is associated with an increase in the rate of decline of FVC in IPF, suggesting a potential mechanistic role for air pollution in the progression of disease.
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Observational Study
Diaphragm Excursion-Time Index: A New Parameter Using Ultrasonography to Predict Extubation Outcome.
The diaphragmatic response to increased mechanical load following withdrawal of mechanical ventilation is critical in determining the outcome of extubation. Using ultrasonography, we aimed to evaluate the performance of the excursion-time (E-T) index-a product of diaphragm excursion and inspiratory time, to predict the outcome of extubation. ⋯ Diaphragm E-T index measured during SBT may help predict the outcome of extubation. Maintenance or increase in diaphragm E-T index between A/C and SBT increases the likelihood of successful extubation.