Chest
-
Multicenter Study
Differences in clinical characteristics and outcomes between men and women with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: a multicenter retrospective cohort study.
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a disease with a male predominance. Prior data suggest that male sex is associated with disease progression and survival. The basis for this sex difference is unknown. ⋯ Male sex is associated with worse transplant-free survival in IPF. Cough may be a sex-specific predictor of survival in this population.
-
Practice Guideline
Managing Chronic Cough as a Symptom in Children and Management Algorithms: CHEST Guideline and Expert Panel Report.
Cough is one of the most common presenting symptoms to general practitioners. The objective of this article is to collate the pediatric components of the CHEST chronic cough guidelines that have recently updated the 2006 guidelines to assist general and specialist medical practitioners in the evaluation and management of children who present with chronic cough. ⋯ The recommendations and suggestions related to the management of chronic cough in the pediatric age group have been based upon high-quality systematic reviews and are summarized in this article. Compared to the 2006 Cough Guidelines, there is now high-quality evidence for some aspects of the management of chronic cough in children. However, further studies particularly in primary health care are required.
-
Whether hydrocortisone, vitamin C, and thiamine treatment can reduce the mortality of patients with sepsis is controversial. ⋯ Among patients with sepsis or septic shock, the combination of hydrocortisone, vitamin C, and thiamine did not reduce mortality compared with placebo.
-
A higher incidence of Arnold nerve reflex (ANR) has been observed in patients with chronic cough. However, the different ANR response in various causes of chronic cough remains unclear. Furthermore, it is unknown whether ANR will change after effective treatment. ⋯ A positive ANR appears to be a sign of vagal hypersensitivity and can be reversed after effective treatment of chronic cough. However, although various causes of chronic cough share a similar feature of an elevated ANR response in a minority of patients, there appears to be limited usefulness in assessing ANR because it does not appear to be a valid predictor of etiology of chronic cough or outcome of treatment.
-
We have entered the era of "big data" and with that the explosion of interest in prediction modeling. With this explosion comes the challenge of evaluating statistical prediction models, both from the standpoint of an author as well as a reviewer. This article provides guidance for the evaluation and critique of a statistical prediction model. Hopefully, this will improve the quality of statistical prediction modeling studies and facilitate their review.