Chest
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Management of Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) lung disease is complicated, frequently unsuccessful, and frustrating to patients and clinicians. The initial treatment effort may not be directed solely at MAC infection, rather it is often initiating airway clearance measures for bronchiectasis. The next important steps are deciding who to treat and when to initiate therapy. ⋯ Microbiologic recurrences due either to new infection or treatment relapse/failure are common and require the same level of rigorous assessment and clinical judgment for determining their significance as initial MAC isolates. In summary, treatment of patients with MAC lung disease is rarely straight forward and requires familiarity with multiple factors directly and indirectly related to MAC lung disease. The many nuances of MAC lung disease therapy defy simple treatment algorithms; however, with patience, attention to detail, and perseverance, the outcome for most patients is favorable.
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Multicenter Study
Essential Components of an Interstitial Lung Disease Clinic: Results from a Delphi Survey and Patient Focus Group Analysis.
Management of patients with interstitial lung disease (ILD) requires subspecialized, comprehensive, multidisciplinary care. The Pulmonary Fibrosis Foundation established the Care Center Network (CCN) in 2013 with identified criteria to become a designated CCN site. Despite these criteria, the essential components of an ILD clinic remain unknown. ⋯ The essential components of an ILD clinic are well-aligned between physician experts and patients. Future research can use these findings to evaluate the impact of these components on patient outcomes and to inform best practices for ILD clinics throughout the world.
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Multicenter Study Comparative Study
Comparative Effectiveness of Heart Rate Control Medications for the Treatment of Sepsis-Associated Atrial Fibrillation.
Atrial fibrillation (AF) with rapid ventricular response frequently complicates the management of critically ill patients with sepsis and may necessitate the initiation of medication to avoid hemodynamic compromise. However, the optimal medication to achieve rate control for AF with rapid ventricular response in sepsis is unclear. ⋯ In a large cohort of patients with sepsis and AF with rapid ventricular response, a β-blocker treatment strategy was associated with improved HR control at 1 h, but generally similar HR control at 6 h compared with amiodarone, calcium channel blocker, or digoxin.
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Drowning is "the process of experiencing respiratory impairment from submersion or immersion in liquid." According to the World Health Organization, drowning claims the lives of > 40 people every hour of every day. Drowning involves some physiological principles and medical interventions that are unique. It occurs in a deceptively hostile environment that involves an underestimation of the dangers or an overestimation of water competency. ⋯ Ventilation therapy should achieve an intrapulmonary shunt ≤ 20% or Pao2:Fio2 ≥ 250. Premature ventilatory weaning may cause the return of pulmonary edema with the need for re-intubation and an anticipation of prolonged hospital stays and further morbidity. This review includes all the essential steps from the first call to action until the best practice at the prehospital, ED, and hospitalization.
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Multicenter Study
Prolonged Circulation Time is Associated with Mortality Among Older Men with Sleep Disordered Breathing.
Conventional metrics to evaluate sleep-disordered breathing (SDB) have many limitations, including their inability to identify subclinical markers of cardiovascular (CV) dysfunction. ⋯ LFCt is associated with both CV and all-cause mortality in older men, independent of baseline CV burden and SDB metrics. LFCt may be a novel physiologic marker for subclinical CVD and adverse outcomes in patients with SDB.