Chest
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Does obstructive sleep apnea increase risk for cancer? A large historical sleep clinic cohort study.
The relationship between OSA and cancer is unclear. ⋯ Nocturnal hypoxemia is independently associated with prevalent cancer. OSA severity is associated with incident cancer, although this association seems secondary to other risk factors for cancer development. OSA is not an independent risk factor for cancer incidence.
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The implementation of simulation-based training (SBT) to teach flexible bronchoscopy (FB) skills to novice trainees has increased during the last decade. However, it is unknown whether SBT is effective to teach FB to novices and which instructional features contribute to training effectiveness. ⋯ Although most studies reported positive effects of simulation training programs on their outcome measures, definitive conclusions regarding training effectiveness on actual bronchoscopy performance in patients could not be made because of heterogeneity of training features and the sparse evidence of training effectiveness on validated behavioral outcome measures in a patient setting.
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Lung transplantation (LTx) is the definitive treatment for end-stage lung failure. However, there have been no large, long-term studies on the impact of acute in-hospital stroke in this population. ⋯ Acute in-hospital stroke post-LTx has been increasing over time and is associated with markedly worse short- and long-term survival. As increasingly sicker patients undergo LTx as well as experience stroke, further research on stroke characteristics, prevention, and management strategies is warranted.
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Introduction of novel therapies for cystic fibrosis (CF) raises the question of whether traditional treatments can be withdrawn. Nebulized hypertonic saline (HS) potentially could be discontinued in patients receiving dornase alfa (DA). ⋯ In the era before modulators, CFF508del showed no significant difference in lung function when nebulized HS was added to DA for 1 to 5 years.
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Inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) increase the risk of pneumonia in COPD and commonly are used in patients with COPD-bronchiectasis overlap. ⋯ ICS use does not augment further the already increased risk of hospitalization for pneumonia associated with concomitant bronchiectasis in patients with COPD.