Chest
The most recent articles from:
Chest
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Phenotypic differences in physiologic, radiologic, and clinical characteristics are increasingly recognized in COPD. The factors associated with a 1 -antitrypsin deficiency (A1AD)physiologic phenotypes and how they progress with time have yet to be explained. ⋯ There are distinct physiologic phenotypes in A1AD with differing demographic features that relate to progression.