Chest
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The prevalence of obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) is higher in children with sickle cell disease (SCD) as compared with the general pediatric population. It has been speculated that overgrowth of the adenoid and tonsils is an important contributor. ⋯ Children with SCD have reduced upper airway size due to overgrowth of the surrounding lymphoid tissues, which may explain their predisposition to OSAS.
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The 2008 American Thoracic Society Project concluded that idiopathic nonspecific interstitial pneumonia (NSIP), once regarded as a "provisional" diagnosis, can be considered a distinct clinical entity. However, an increasing number of recent reports have shown a likely link between the entity of idiopathic NSIP and autoimmune diseases. ⋯ The existence of IgG4-related disease should, therefore, be taken into consideration as a possible differential diagnosis from NSIP. The cause of IgG4-related disease remains unknown, but we emphasize the importance of a clinically novel interstitial lung disease.