Chest
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Observational Study
Exercise intolerance in untreated obstructive sleep apnea: role of pulmonary gas exchange and systemic vascular abnormalities.
Reduced exercise capacity has been reported previously in patients with OSA hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS), although the underlying mechanisms are unclear. ⋯ Patients with OSAHS showed evidence of pulmonary gas exchange abnormalities during exercise (in the form of increased dead space) and resting systemic vascular dysfunction that may explain reduced exercise capacity and increased exertional dyspnea intensity.
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The sex differences in use, safety outcomes, and health-care resource use of patients with pulmonary embolism (PE) undergoing percutaneous pulmonary artery thrombectomy are not well characterized. ⋯ In this large nationwide cohort, women with PE who underwent percutaneous thrombectomy showed higher morbidity and in-hospital mortality compared with men.
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Observational Study
Temporal trends and variation in bronchoscopy use for acute respiratory failure in the US.
National data on bronchoscopy for the evaluation of acute respiratory failure are lacking, and the limited available data suggest wide variation in use. ⋯ Bronchoscopy use among hospitalizations treated with IMV has increased over time. The large variation in use of bronchoscopy across hospitals suggests potentially unwarranted practice variation and need for further studies to clarify which patients benefit from bronchoscopy.
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A 17-month-old male infant with history of an abnormal chest shadow in the left lung lower lobe was admitted to our hospital for the resection of the malformation. At 9 months of age, he was admitted to his local hospital because of a persistent cough. ⋯ However, no thoracic abnormalities were seen in antenatal ultrasonography, and no clinical symptoms were observed at birth. After anti-inflammatory treatments given to this infant, he achieved remission and was discharged from his local hospital.
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Melanoma differentiation-associated gene 5 (MDA5) positive dermatomyositis is a rare systemic autoimmune disease that is associated with life-threatening rapidly progressive interstitial lung disease. We report the case of a 19-year-old male patient with a life-threatening disease course caused by rapidly progressive interstitial lung disease that caused respiratory failure despite intensive immunosuppression with multiple agents (steroids, IV immunoglobulins, tofacitinib, cyclophosphamide, mycophenolate mofetil, ciclosporin and rituximab). Rescue therapy with daratumumab, an anti-CD38-antibody, was initiated. ⋯ After 6 months of follow up, stable disease remission with significant pulmonary improvement and persistent depletion of CD38+ plasma cells and MDA5-antibody titers were seen. This is the first report of the successful use of daratumumab in dermatomyositis. It highlights the potential of CD38 targeted therapies for severe antibody-mediated autoimmune diseases such as dermatomyositis.