Chest
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Although pulmonary function has been studied in relationship to individual cardiometabolic diseases, uncertainty persists about the difference in risk magnitudes of pulmonary function for these diseases and its association with cardiometabolic multimorbidity (CM). ⋯ This study revealed the different risk associations of pulmonary function with individual cardiometabolic diseases and CM. Tailor-made screening and monitoring through pulmonary function may be applicable for the precise prevention and control of these conditions.
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Randomized Controlled Trial Multicenter Study
Results of a phase 2b trial with GB001, a DP2 antagonist, in moderate-to-severe eosinophilic asthma.
Prostaglandin D2 receptor 2 (DP2) antagonists inhibit prostaglandin D2-induced effects, including recruitment and activation of cells driving asthma pathogenesis. However, challenges identifying target population and end points persist. ⋯ gov.
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Practice Guideline
The Role of Genetic Testing in Pulmonary Fibrosis: A Perspective from the Pulmonary Fibrosis Foundation Genetic Testing Work Group.
Patients with familial pulmonary fibrosis represent a subset of patients with pulmonary fibrosis in whom inherited gene variation predisposes them to disease development. In the appropriate setting, genetic testing allows for personalized assessment of disease, recognition of clinically relevant extrapulmonary manifestations, and assessing susceptibility in unaffected relatives. ⋯ To address this, the Pulmonary Fibrosis Foundation commissioned a genetic testing work group comprising pulmonologists, geneticists, and genetic counselors from the United States to provide guidance on genetic testing in patients with pulmonary fibrosis. This CHEST special feature presents a concise review of these proceedings and reviews pulmonary fibrosis susceptibility, clinically available genetic testing methods, and clinical scenarios in which genetic testing should be considered.
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Review Case Reports
Positive Stimulation for Medically Sedated Patients: A Music Therapy Intervention to Treat Sedation-Related Delirium in Critical Care.
Sedation is an essential component of treatment for some patients admitted to the ICU, but it carries a risk of sedation-related delirium. Sedation-related delirium is associated with higher mortality and increased length of stay, but pharmacologic treatments for delirium can lead to oversedation or other adverse effects. Therefore, nonpharmacologic treatments are recommended in the literature; however, these recommendations are quite general and do not provide structured interventions. ⋯ The positive listening stimulation playlist organized by a board-certified music therapist (MT-BC) within the PSMSP protocol can be used in carefully monitored sessions with the MT-BC potentially to decrease agitation and stabilize arousal, as well as being played by nursing staff throughout the patient's recovery from sedation. Further controlled studies will be necessary, but the PSMSP protocol has the potential to reduce agitation and increase arousal during listening, as highlighted by the case of a patient recovering from sedation during treatment for COVID-19 pneumonia. It is important for the entire critical care team to be aware of nonpharmacologic treatments like PSMSP that are available for delirium mitigation so that, where applicable, these therapies can be incorporated into the patient's treatment regimen.
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Impaired lung function is associated with a higher risk of developing lung cancer. However, lung function is a dynamic variable and must be evaluated longitudinally. This study reports on the relationship between accelerated lung function decline and development of lung cancer. ⋯ The FEV1 decline rate may be a potential biomarker for lung cancer development. Further study is needed to identify whether patients with rapid FEV1 decline warrant lung cancer assessment or screening.