Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics
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Hum Vaccin Immunother · Jan 2019
Knowledge, attitude, and practice regarding infection and vaccination in patients with rheumatic diseases in China.
Objective Vaccines including pneumococcal and influenza vaccines are recommended in patients with immunosuppressive treatment. However, vaccine coverage remains extremely low. Our study was to investigate vaccination uptake, knowledge, attitude and practice (KAP) towards certain vaccinations among these patients, and to identify the factors influencing willingness to be vaccinated. ⋯ Patients would take influenza or pneumococcal vaccines if they had heard of them before, had knowledge of infection, and had belief in vaccine's safety and reliability (p < 0.05). Conclusion Vaccine coverage among people with rheumatic diseases was low in China. Methods to improve KAP toward infections and vaccinations should be taken.
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Hum Vaccin Immunother · Jan 2019
Randomized Controlled TrialLong-term immunogenicity and safety of tetravalent dengue vaccine (CYD-TDV) in healthy populations in Singapore and Vietnam: 4-year follow-up of randomized, controlled, phase II trials.
Dengue is prevalent in the Asia-Pacific region. Participants of two immunogenicity and safety phase II studies conducted in Singapore and Vietnam (NCT0088089 and NCT00875524, respectively) were followed for up to four years after third vaccine dose of a recombinant, live, attenuated, tetravalent dengue vaccine (CYD-TDV). Participants (2-45 years) received three doses of CYD-TDV or control at 0, 6, and 12 months. ⋯ Seropositivity rates were higher at year four in participants who were seropositive vs. seronegative at baseline in both studies. No safety concerns were identified. CYD-TDV demonstrated long-term immunogenicity and was well-tolerated for four years after the third vaccine dose.
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Hum Vaccin Immunother · Jan 2019
ReviewPD-1 and PD-L1 in cancer immunotherapy: clinical implications and future considerations.
Programmed death-1 (PD-1) is a cell surface receptor that functions as a T cell checkpoint and plays a central role in regulating T cell exhaustion. Binding of PD-1 to its ligand, programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1), activates downstream signaling pathways and inhibits T cell activation. ⋯ Here, we review the structure of PD-1 and PD-L1, the function of the PD-1/PD-L1 signaling pathway, the application of PD-1 or PD-L1 monoclonal antibodies and future directions for anti-PD-1/PD-L1 antibodies with combination therapies. Cancer immunotherapy using PD-1/PD-L1 immune checkpoint blockade may require more studies, and this approach may be curative for patients with many types of cancer in the future.
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Hum Vaccin Immunother · Jan 2019
Vaccination and risk of lone atrial fibrillation in the active component United States military.
To evaluate the hypothesis that receipt of anthrax vaccine adsorbed (AVA) increases the risk of atrial fibrillation in the absence of identifiable underlying risk factors or structural heart disease (lone atrial fibrillation). ⋯ We did not find an increased risk of lone atrial fibrillation after AVA, influenza or smallpox vaccine. These findings may be helpful in planning future vaccine safety research.
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Hum Vaccin Immunother · Jan 2019
Reduction of influenza A(H3N2)-associated symptoms by influenza vaccination in school aged-children during the 2014-2015 winter season dominated by mismatched H3N2 viruses.
Little is known about the vaccine effectiveness (VE) in attenuating the influenza-associated symptoms in children during the 2014-2015 influenza season in Beijing, China, in which there was a mismatch between the vaccine and circulating strain. ⋯ Influenza vaccination may reduce the clinical symptoms of laboratory-confirmed influenza cases potentially even in the mismatching season.