Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics
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Cholera is a major global public health problem and remains an important threat in almost every developing country, especially in areas where population overcrowding and poor sanitation are common, such as slums and refugee camps. Cholera is one of the most dreaded diseases in the world, in some cases leading to death within 24 h if left untreated. Without treatment, severe infection has a mortality rate of 30-50%. ⋯ This vaccine contains both Vibrio cholerae O1 and O139, and provides 50 per cent protection for at least three years after vaccination. For endemic cholera, population-level immunity is relatively high, making control possible with relatively low vaccine coverage levels. This vaccine should be used in areas where cholera is endemic, particularly in those at risk of outbreaks, in conjunction with other prevention and control strategies.
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Hum Vaccin Immunother · Jan 2012
ReviewBenefits to mother and child of influenza vaccination during pregnancy.
Influenza virus infection contributes to substantial morbidity and mortality globally. Included in the list of groups at higher risk of either influenza infection or severe complications following influenza infection are pregnant women and their newborns. ⋯ Recent research has helped elucidate the impact of influenza infection and vaccination on pregnant women and their newborn children and young infants. This review summarizes recent findings in this area and identifies additional gaps in the evidence base that need to be addressed to appropriately inform vaccination policies worldwide, to protect pregnant women and their children from influenza and related complications.