Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics
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Hum Vaccin Immunother · Jan 2019
HPV vaccination in a context of public mistrust and uncertainty: a systematic literature review of determinants of HPV vaccine hesitancy in Europe.
Europe is increasingly described as the region in the world with the least confidence in vaccination, and particularly in the safety of vaccines. The aim of this systematic literature review was to gather and summarise all peer-reviewed and grey literature published about determinants of Human Papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine hesitancy in Europe. ⋯ Comparative analyses indicated that confidence determinants differed by country and population groups. This evidence supports the need to develop context-specific interventions to improve confidence in HPV vaccination and design community engagement strategies aiming to build public trust.
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Hum Vaccin Immunother · Jan 2019
Overview of knowledge, attitudes, beliefs, vaccine hesitancy and vaccine acceptance among mothers of infants in Quebec, Canada.
Vaccine hesitancy (VH) is a growing problem. The first step in addressing VH is to have an understanding of who are the hesitant individuals and what are their specific concerns. The aim of this survey was to assess mothers' level of vaccine hesitancy and vaccination knowledge, attitudes, and beliefs. ⋯ Although the majority of mothers held positive attitudes toward vaccination, a large proportion were moderately or highly vaccine hesitant. Mothers' level of VH was strongly associated with their intention to vaccinate their infants, showing the potential detrimental impact of VH on vaccine uptake rates and the importance of addressing this phenomenon.
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Hum Vaccin Immunother · Jan 2019
Introduction of universal infant hepatitis B immunisation in the UK- paving the way to elimination.
In May 2016, the World Health Assembly ratified the first ever Global Health Sector Strategy (GHSS) on Viral Hepatitis to eliminate viral hepatitis as a public health threat by 2030. In pursuit of this elimination goal and recognising that hepatitis control through immunisation is an essential foundation of a hepatitis B prevention programme, the World Health Organization set out vaccine coverage targets for both universal and selective childhood immunisation programmes, focusing on preventing mother to child transmission. ⋯ Prior to that, the UK had a selective immunisation policy targeting high risk groups for hepatitis B - including infants born to hepatitis B infected mothers. We tell the story of hepatitis B vaccination in the UK, and how we have evolved from selective to a universal infant immunisation programme, the factors considered in hepatitis B vaccine policy decision-making, and the progress towards elimination of viral hepatitis as a public health threat.
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Hum Vaccin Immunother · Jan 2019
In vitro characterization and preclinical immunogenicity of Typhax, a typhoid fever protein capsular matrix vaccine candidate.
Typhax is an investigational typhoid fever vaccine candidate that was GMP manufactured applying Protein Capsular Matrix Vaccine (PCMV) technology. It consists of Vi polysaccharide antigen, derived from S. Typhi, non-covalently entrapped in a glutaraldehyde catalyzed cross-linked α-poly-L-lysine and CRM197 protein matrix. ⋯ In the non-human primate (NHP) study, 100% seroconversion was observed at both 2.5 µg and 10 µg dose levels after the first immunization. A murine in vivo immunopotency study demonstrated that Typhax stored at 4°C was stable for at least 30 months. Collectively, the Typhax in vitro profile, preclinical immunogenicity studies, and rabbit toxicology study indicate that Typhax is a viable typhoid fever vaccine candidate for Phase 1 clinical trial evaluation.