Medizinische Klinik, Intensivmedizin und Notfallmedizin
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Med Klin Intensivmed Notfmed · Feb 2013
Case Reports[Arteriovenous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO). A therapeutic option for fulminant pulmonary embolism].
According to the guidelines of the European (2008) and German Societies of Cardiology (2009) thrombolysis is recommended for patients with pulmonary embolisms presenting with cardiogenic shock (recommendation level I, evidence level A). If there are contraindications or thrombolysis is not successful surgical embolectomy should be considered (recommendation level I, evidence level C). Additional options are catheter-based therapies in the proximal pulmonary artery (recommendation level IIb, evidence level C). ⋯ Acute heart failure and hypoxemia of all organs are the main symptoms of massive pulmonary embolisms. The use of arteriovenous ECMO represents a therapeutic option for life-threatening pulmonary embolism. A decisive factor for success is immediate diagnosis and rapid implementation of the system.
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Med Klin Intensivmed Notfmed · Feb 2013
[Influence of personnel staffing on patient care and nursing in German intensive care units. Descriptive study on aspects of patient safety and stress indicators of nursing].
In this article selected results of a descriptive study on personnel staffing and patient care in German intensive care units are presented and discussed. The main focus is on comparing features of personnel staffing with indicators of the job situation and patient care. The study is based on a standardized survey of nursing managers from 535 intensive care units carried out in 2011. The results show that a low nurse-patient ratio in intensive care units has a tendency to cause higher risks in patient care and also in other stress indicator situations, such as absenteeism.
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Med Klin Intensivmed Notfmed · Nov 2012
[Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, periorbital and subconjunctival swelling].
A 70-year-old man with a history of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and dilative cardiomyopathy was referred due to acute dyspnea and chest pain. After spontaneous pneumothorax was confirmed by chest radiography, a chest tube was inserted into the right side. Persistent air bubbles escaping through the water seal of the drainage in synchrony with respiration indicated a bronchopleural fistula. ⋯ From there, ascending air spread along the fascial planes of the mediastinum and cervical area through the inferior orbital fissure to the orbits and eyelids causing orbital and subconjunctival emphysemas. On the basis of the progressive emphysemas and persistent pneumothorax, a second chest tube was inserted. Subsequently, the signs and symptoms disappeared completely.
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Med Klin Intensivmed Notfmed · Nov 2012
Review[Ventilation in acute respiratory distress. Lung-protective strategies].
Ventilation of patients suffering from acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) with protective ventilator settings is the standard in patient care. Besides the reduction of tidal volumes, the adjustment of a case-related positive end-expiratory pressure and preservation of spontaneous breathing activity at least 48 h after onset is part of this strategy. Bedside techniques have been developed to adapt ventilatory settings to the individual patient and the different stages of ARDS. This article reviews the pathophysiology of ARDS and ventilator-induced lung injury and presents current evidence-based strategies for ventilator settings in ARDS.