JAMA pediatrics
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The results of preclinical studies suggest that anesthetic drugs administered to neonatal animals cause widespread neuronal apoptosis and later neurocognitive impairment. Adequately powered studies in the pediatric surgical population are scarce, and it is unclear whether such preclinical findings are relevant for the pediatric setting. ⋯ Exposure to anesthesia and surgery before age 4 years has a small association with later academic performance or cognitive performance in adolescence on a population level. While more vulnerable subgroups of children may exist, the low overall difference in academic performance after childhood exposure to surgery is reassuring. These findings should be interpreted in light of potential adverse effects of postponing surgery.
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Maternal infections and fever during pregnancy are associated with increased risk for autism spectrum disorders (ASDs). To our knowledge, no study has investigated the association between influenza vaccination during pregnancy and ASD. ⋯ There was no association between maternal influenza infection anytime during pregnancy and increased ASD risk. There was a suggestion of increased ASD risk among children whose mothers received an influenza vaccination in their first trimester, but the association was not statistically significant after adjusting for multiple comparisons, indicating that the finding could be due to chance. These findings do not call for changes in vaccine policy or practice, but do suggest the need for additional studies on maternal influenza vaccination and autism.
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The reported prevalence of peanut allergy among children in the United States has increased more than 3-fold in the last 20 years. Medical guidelines on the introduction of peanut as well as other allergenic foods have evolved with the emerging evidence that an early introduction to these foods is more beneficial than a delayed introduction. This review highlights the studies that have led to the evolving guidelines on peanut introduction in infants. ⋯ Over the years, guidelines on the introduction of peanut have evolved, and recent literature suggests that an earlier rather than delayed introduction is beneficial to prevent peanut allergies in infants.
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Multicenter Study
Association Between Allergen Exposure in Inner-City Schools and Asthma Morbidity Among Students.
Home aeroallergen exposure is associated with increased asthma morbidity in children, yet little is known about the contribution of school aeroallergen exposures to such morbidity. ⋯ In this study of inner-city students with asthma, exposure to mouse allergen in schools was associated with increased asthma symptoms and decreased lung function. These findings demonstrate that the school environment is an important contributor to childhood asthma morbidity. Future school-based environmental interventions may be beneficial for this important public health problem.