American journal of public health
-
We examined the relationship between intimate partner violence victimization among women in the general population and emergency department use. We sought to discern whether race/ethnicity moderates this relationship and to explore these relationships in race/ethnic-specific models. ⋯ Our findings suggest that the emergency department is an opportune setting to screen for intimate partner violence victimization, especially among Hispanic women. Future research should focus on why Hispanic victims are more likely to use the emergency department compared with nonvictims, with regard to socioeconomic and cultural determinants of health care utilization.
-
President George W. Bush has proposed modest increases, when he has proposed any at all, in funding for the Ryan White Comprehensive AIDS Resources Emergency (CARE) Act during his administration, and Congress has appropriated little funding increase since fiscal year 2004. Growing numbers of Americans living with HIV or AIDS, 40 000 people newly infected with HIV each year, and Centers for Disease Control and Prevention-recommended efforts to identify people with undiagnosed HIV infection indicate an increasing need for services funded by CARE Act programs. Inadequate CARE Act funding harms the most vulnerable people with HIV.
-
Comparative Study
Availability of litigation as a public health tool for firearm injury prevention: comparison of guns, vaccines, and motor vehicles.
The Protection of Lawful Commerce in Arms Act (PLCAA), enacted in 2005, grants the firearm industry broad immunity from liability. The PLCAA not only prevents most people from receiving compensation for their firearm-related injuries, it erodes litigation's ability to serve its public health role of providing manufacturers with a financial incentive to make their products safer. ⋯ The liability of nearly all other products, for example motor vehicles, is governed by traditional common law principles. The absence of both litigation and product safety rules for firearms is a potentially dangerous combination for the public's health.
-
The pressure to regulate the marketing of high-energy, nutrient-poor foods to young people has been mounting in light of concern about rising worldwide levels of overweight and obesity. In 2004, the World Health Organization called on governments, industry, and civil society to act to reduce unhealthy marketing messages. ⋯ Still, there have been few new regulations that restrict food marketing to young people. Despite calls for evidence-based policy, new regulatory developments appear to have been driven less by evidence than by ethics.
-
Randomized Controlled Trial
The treatment of smoking by US physicians during ambulatory visits: 1994 2003.
We sought to determine whether US physicians' practice patterns in treating tobacco use at ambulatory visits improved over the past decade with the appearance of national clinical practice guidelines, new smoking cessation medications, and public reporting of physician performance in counseling smokers. ⋯ In the past decade, there has been a small increase in physicians' rates of patients' smoking status identification and a small decrease in rates of counseling smokers. This lack of progress may reflect barriers in the US health care environment, including limited physician time to provide counseling.