European journal of clinical pharmacology
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Eur. J. Clin. Pharmacol. · Dec 2020
ReviewInhibition of SARS-CoV-2 entry through the ACE2/TMPRSS2 pathway: a promising approach for uncovering early COVID-19 drug therapies.
The COVID-19 pandemic caused by infection with the novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 is urging the scientific community worldwide to intense efforts for identifying and developing effective drugs and pharmacologic strategies to treat the disease. Many of the drugs that are currently in (pre)clinical development are addressing late symptoms of the disease. This review focuses on potential pharmacologic intervention at an early stage of infection which could result in less-infected individuals and less cases with severe COVID-19 disease due to reduced virus entry into the cells. ⋯ Several agents have potential for prophylactic and therapeutic intervention at the early stages of SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19 disease and they should be urgently investigated further in appropriate preclinical models and clinical studies.
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Eur. J. Clin. Pharmacol. · Nov 2020
Randomized Controlled TrialPharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of intranasal remimazolam-a randomized controlled clinical trial.
Remimazolam is a novel and ultra-short-acting sedative currently developed for intravenous use in procedural sedation, general anesthesia, and ICU sedation. However, intravenous administration is not always appropriate, depending on the patient or setting. This study evaluated intranasal administration as a potential alternative route. ⋯ Intranasal administration of remimazolam was safe and caused sedative effects. However, the severe pain and discomfort caused by intranasal remimazolam prohibit its use by this route of administration, at least with the currently available intravenous formulation.
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Eur. J. Clin. Pharmacol. · Oct 2020
Meta AnalysisHepatotoxicity in patients with solid tumors treated with PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors alone, PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors plus chemotherapy, or chemotherapy alone: systematic review and meta-analysis.
This meta-analysis examined the risk of hepatotoxicity in patients with solid tumors who received a PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitor alone, a PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitor plus chemotherapy, or chemotherapy alone. ⋯ Relative to chemotherapy alone, PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors with or without chemotherapy increased the risk of all-grade and high-grade hepatitis, but generally did not increase the risk of elevated blood markers of hepatotoxicity.
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Eur. J. Clin. Pharmacol. · Oct 2020
Randomized Controlled Trial Multicenter StudyPatient safety incidents and medication errors during a clinical trial: experience from a pre-hospital randomized controlled trial of emergency medication administration.
To assess and evaluate patient safety incidents and in particular, medication errors, during a large multi-center pre-hospital trial of emergency therapy (PARAMEDIC2), in order to inform and improve future pre-hospital medicines trials. ⋯ Eight thousand sixteen patients were enrolled, of whom 4902 received trial medication. A total of 331 patient safety incidents was reported, involving 295 patients, representing an overall rate of 3.6% of these, 166 (50.2%) were documentation errors while 165 (49.8%) were clinical protocol/medication errors. An overall rate of 0-4.5% was reported across all five ambulance services, with a mean of 2.0%. These errors had no impact on patient care or the trial and were all resolved CONCLUSION: The overall medication error rate of 1.8% primarily consisted of administration of open-label adrenaline and confusion with trial medication packs. A similar number of patients had documentation errors. This study is the first to provide data on patient safety incidents relating to medication errors encountered during a pre-hospital trial of emergency medication administration and will provide supporting data for planning future trials in this area.