European journal of clinical pharmacology
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Eur. J. Clin. Pharmacol. · Mar 2013
Population pharmacokinetics of phenytoin after intravenous administration of fosphenytoin sodium in pediatric patients, adult patients, and healthy volunteers.
We performed a population pharmacokinetic analysis of phenytoin after intravenous administration of fosphenytoin sodium in healthy, neurosurgical, and epileptic subjects, including pediatric patients, and determined the optimal dose and infusion rate for achieving the therapeutic range. ⋯ The pharmacokinetics of phenytoin after intravenous administration of fosphenytoin sodium could be described using a linear two-compartment model. The administration of fosphenytoin sodium 22.5 mg/kg at an infusion rate of 3 mg/kg/min was optimal for achieving the desired plasma phenytoin concentration.
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Eur. J. Clin. Pharmacol. · Mar 2013
Randomized Controlled TrialInterference of NSAIDs with the thrombocyte inhibitory effect of aspirin: a placebo-controlled, ex vivo, serial placebo-controlled serial crossover study.
Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) are often prescribed concurrently in patients with nociceptive pain and cardiovascular comorbidity. NSAIDs and ASA inhibit the same COX-enzymes, and thus may interact. ASA's cardioprotective antiplatelet effect is entirely COX-1 dependent. NSAIDs can be either non-COX-1 and COX-2 selective or COX-2 selective. The aim of this study was to examine the interaction between ASA and different selective and nonselective NSAIDs on thrombocyte function. ⋯ COX-1 affinity determines the interaction between NSAIDs and ASA on thrombocyte adhesion and aggregation. Ibuprofen and naproxen, but not etoricoxib or meloxicam, taken 2 h before ASA, significantly inhibit ASA's antithrombocyte effect.
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Eur. J. Clin. Pharmacol. · Mar 2013
Comparative StudyDifferent patterns in use of antibiotics for lower urinary tract infection in institutionalized and home-dwelling elderly: a register-based study.
We compared the quality and pattern of use of antibiotics to treat urinary tract infection (UTI) between institutionalized and home-dwelling elderly. ⋯ Our results indicate that recommendations for UTI treatment with antibiotics are not adequately followed. The high use of trimethoprim amongst institutionalized women and the low use of quinolones or trimethoprim among institutionalized men need further investigation.
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Eur. J. Clin. Pharmacol. · Mar 2013
Case ReportsFirst European case of convulsions related to analytically confirmed use of the synthetic cannabinoid receptor agonist AM-2201.
There is increasing reported use of synthetic cannabinoid receptor agonists (SCRA) across Europe. To date, there is limited information on the acute toxicity (harm) related to the use of these products. We describe here a case in which an individual developed convulsions related to the use of the SCRA AM-2201. ⋯ This is the first case of convulsions related to the use of SCRA described in Europe, and the first case of convulsions related to the use the SCRA AM-2201 confirmed by analysis of biological samples. It is important for emergency physicians, clinical toxicologists and clinical pharmacologists managing those presenting with acute toxicity related to the use of SCRA to analytically confirm the exact compound(s) involved, to enable accurate description of the acute toxicity associated with individual SCRA.
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Eur. J. Clin. Pharmacol. · Feb 2013
Randomized Controlled TrialPharmacokinetics of transdermal buprenorphine patch in the elderly.
Transdermal buprenorphine patches provide comparable pain relief to that of low-potency opioids in elderly individuals. However, specific data on their use in elderly individuals is limited. This study investigated and compared the PK of buprenorphine transdermal patches in elderly (≥ 75 years) versus younger (50-60 years) individuals. ⋯ No dosage alterations are necessary for PK reasons when treating elderly people with buprenorphine transdermal patches.