European journal of clinical pharmacology
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Eur. J. Clin. Pharmacol. · Oct 2012
Potentially inappropriate prescribing and cost outcomes for older people: a cross-sectional study using the Northern Ireland Enhanced Prescribing Database.
We sought to estimate the prevalence of potentially inappropriate prescribing (PIP) in the Northern Ireland (NI) population aged ≥70 years, to investigate factors associated with PIP and to calculate total gross cost of PIP. ⋯ Consistent with other research, the prevalence of PIP was high among the study cohort, increased with polypharmacy and was associated with significant cost.
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Eur. J. Clin. Pharmacol. · Oct 2012
Randomized Controlled TrialPharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, and safety of clevidipine after prolonged continuous infusion in subjects with mild to moderate essential hypertension.
Clevidipine is a rapidly-acting intravenous dihydropyridine antihypertensive acting via calcium channel blockade. This was a randomized, single-blind, parallel-design study of a 72-h continuous clevidipine infusion. ⋯ This study supports the use of up to 72 h of IV clevidipine therapy for the management of blood pressure, with consistent pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic characteristics and context insensitive half-life across the dose ranges evaluated.
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Eur. J. Clin. Pharmacol. · Aug 2012
Randomized Controlled Trial Multicenter Study Clinical TrialSerum concentrations of opioids when comparing two switching strategies to methadone for cancer pain.
Our aim was to compare pharmacological aspects of two switching strategies from morphine/oxycodone to methadone; the stop and go (SAG) strategy in which methadone is started directly after the initial opioid has been stopped, and the 3-days switch (3DS), in which morphine/oxycodone is gradually changed to methadone by cross-tapering over 3 days. ⋯ The SAG group was initially more exposed to methadone and less to the replaced opioids but without observed clinical benefit and with a higher dropout rate. Patients switched to methadone should be followed closely for the first 5 days, regardless of switching strategy.
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Eur. J. Clin. Pharmacol. · Aug 2012
Objective assessment of nonadherence and unknown co-medication in hospitalized patients.
The intake of medications (drugs) without the knowledge of the treating physician (unknown co-medication) and nonadherence strongly influence drug safety. The aim of our study was to objectively assess unknown co-medication and nonadherence in hospitalized patients by screening urine for a large number of drugs using highly sensitive full scan gas chromatograpy/mass spectrometry (GC/MS). Secondary objectives were to determine the relationship of co-medication and nonadherence to the number of drugs prescribed and to compare history-taking by a pharmacist versus a physician. ⋯ The drug history among hospitalized patients is often incomplete, and nonadherence and unknown co-medication are alarmingly frequent. This lack of knowledge might impact the overall success of drug therapies in the hospital setting.