European journal of clinical pharmacology
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Eur. J. Clin. Pharmacol. · May 2012
Clinical Trial Controlled Clinical TrialSwitching from enoxaparin to dabigatran etexilate: pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, and safety profile.
Dabigatran etexilate is an oral, reversible, direct thrombin inhibitor licensed for the prevention of venous thromboembolism and stroke prevention in patients with atrial fibrillation. The aim of this study was to investigate whether, and to what extent, a switch from enoxparin to dabigatran etexilate affects the pharmacokinetic (PK) and pharmacodynamic (PD) parameters and safety profile of dabigatran. ⋯ Prior administration of enoxaparin did not meaningfully affect the PK or PD properties of dabigatran, and the switch from enoxaparin to dabigatran etexilate was well tolerated among the study subjects. These data support the safety of switching patients from enoxaparin to dabigatran etexilate.
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Eur. J. Clin. Pharmacol. · May 2012
Case ReportsAcute toxicity associated with the recreational use of the ketamine derivative methoxetamine.
Long-term regular use of ketamine has been reported to be associated with severe symptomatic urinary tract problems. Methoxetamine, an arylcyclohexylamine derivative of ketamine, is marketed as a "bladder safe" derivative of ketamine, and no cases of acute toxicity following analytically confirmed methoxetamine use have been reported to date. We report here a case series of three individuals with acute toxicity related to the analytically confirmed use of methoxetamine. ⋯ These three analytically confirmed cases demonstrate that acute methoxetamine-related toxicity is associated with both "dissociative" and "sympathomimetic" clinical features. The information from these three cases is useful to clinical pharmacologists, not only in managing individuals with acute methoxetamine toxicity but also in advising the appropriate legislative authorities on the risk of acute harm related to methoxetamine use. Further work is needed to determine whether methoxetamine is more "bladder friendly" than ketamine, as has been suggested by those marketing methoxetamine.
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Eur. J. Clin. Pharmacol. · May 2012
Letter Case ReportsSuspected unexpected adverse effect of sugammadex: hypotension.
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Eur. J. Clin. Pharmacol. · May 2012
ReviewMacrolides: from in vitro anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory properties to clinical practice in respiratory diseases.
Macrolides have long been recognised to exert immunomodulary and anti-inflammatory actions. They are able to suppress the "cytokine storm" of inflammation and to confer an additional clinical benefit through their immunomodulatory properties. ⋯ This review provides an overview on the properties of macrolides (erythromycin, clarithromycin, roxithromycin, azithromycin), their efficacy in various respiratory diseases and their adverse effects.
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Eur. J. Clin. Pharmacol. · May 2012
Letter Review Case ReportsLack of toxicity after paracetamol overdose in a extremely preterm neonate.