European journal of clinical pharmacology
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Eur. J. Clin. Pharmacol. · Jan 1995
ReviewFlucloxacillin associated cholestatic hepatitis. An Australian and Swedish epidemic?
The clinico-pathological entity of flucloxacillin-associated cholestatic hepatitis is described and the recognition and documentation of cholestasis associated with flucloxacillin and with related isoxazolyl-penicillins (cloxacillin, dicloxacillin) is examined on an international basis, with particular reference to Australia. Data were obtained from the literature, from the Australian adverse drug reaction monitoring agency and from the Collaborative Centre for International Drug Monitoring (World Health Organisation) in Sweden. Approximately 600 cases of flucloxacillin-associated cholestatic hepatitis were collected, as well as 164 cases associated with other isoxazolyl penicillins. ⋯ In Australia, the remarkably high rate of reports appears to be the result of sustained publicity for the reaction. There is only a trickle of reports of cholestatic hepatitis in association with the use of cloxacillin and dicloxacillin from the USA and Canada. The high level of awareness of the reaction and consequential regulatory action so far have not resulted in a diminution of its occurrence in Australia.
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Eur. J. Clin. Pharmacol. · Jan 1994
Randomized Controlled Trial Multicenter Study Comparative Study Clinical TrialComparative efficacy and tolerance of ibuprofen syrup and acetaminophen syrup in children with pyrexia associated with infectious diseases and treated with antibiotics.
A double-blind, randomised, parallel group study has been done comparing the efficacy and tolerability of 7.5 mg/kg ibuprofen syrup (n = 77) and 10 mg.kg-1 acetaminophen syrup (n = 77) in 154 children (6 months to 5 years) with fever (> or = 38 degrees C) associated with infectious diseases and treated with antibiotic therapy. The area under the percentage reduction in temperature curve captured the net effect of each drug and provided the best estimate for comparison of efficacy during a defined period. ⋯ Both ibuprofen and acetaminophen were well tolerated. In conclusion, significant antipyretic activity, good tolerability and its availability as a syrup make ibuprofen an effective means of fever control in children.
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Eur. J. Clin. Pharmacol. · Jan 1994
Meta AnalysisThe effectiveness of topically applied capsaicin. A meta-analysis.
To undertake a quantitative overview of trials of topical capsaicin for the treatment of diabetic neuropathy, osteoarthritis, post-herpetic neuralgia, and psoriasis. A systematic search of the literature using both computerized and manual methods for identifying clinical trials of capsaicin. The trials identified were abstracted for response data, which then were analysed using established meta-analytic methods for both fixed and random effects modelling. ⋯ Using a random effect model the rate difference (RD) in favour of capsaicin cream was RD = 0.25 (95% CI = 0.15, 0.35). Capsaicin cream was also better than placebo in providing pain relief in osteoarthritis: OR = 4.36 (95% CI = 2.77, 6.88) and RD = 0.29 (95% CI = 0.20, 0.37) and in psoriasis: OR = 2.80 (95% CI = 1.69, 4.62) and RD = 0.35 (95% CI = 0.14, 0.56). There was, however, evidence of heterogeneity in the individual RDs in psoriasis, and complete binding was difficulty because of the initial discomfort associated with topical capsaicin.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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Eur. J. Clin. Pharmacol. · Jan 1994
Clinical pharmacology of ORG 7617, a short-acting non-depolarizing neuromuscular blocking agent.
The dose-response relationship and the time course of action of Org 7617, a short acting non-depolarizing neuromuscular blocking agent, were evaluated during thiopentone, fentanyl, halothane and N2O anaesthesia. Neuromuscular transmission was monitored mechanomyographically. The ED50 and ED90 were calculated after single bolus doses of the drug. ⋯ One patient given 5 mg/kg Org 7617 had serious adverse effects suggestive of histamine release, i.e. flushing, urticaria, tachycardia, hypotension and bronchospasm. Therefore further clinical investigations were terminated. Although its low potency and the adverse effects observed will prevent further clinical development of ORG 7617, the results do support the contention that it is feasible to develop short-acting non-depolarizing neuromuscular blocking agents from the steroidal series.