Biomedizinische Technik. Biomedical engineering
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The current success of the treatment of trochanteric fractures of the femur still depends on the type of fracture involved. A number of surgical procedures have proved successful in the treatment of stable fractures (e.g. dynamic hip screw, gamma nail). However, the treatment of unstable fractures remains a problem. ⋯ In extensive tests, the biomechanical loading capacity of a new Y-nail has been investigated as a function of the stability and location of the fracture. The results show that this form of intramedullary fixing is suitable for both stable and unstable fractures. Unstable, far distal subtrochanteric fractures of the femur remain borderline indications.
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Case Reports Comparative Study
Transcranial cerebral oximetry--is it clinically useless at this moment to interpret absolute values obtained by the INVOS 3100 cerebral oximeter?
Dynamic changes of regional cerebral oxygenation (rSO2) were measured simultaneously to laser Doppler flowmetry in a 35-year-old female during cerebral aneurysm surgery. In addition, to demonstrate the uselessness of the absolute values obtained by the INVOS 3100, cerebral oximeter readings from a pumpkin ("Styrian Cucurbita") are demonstrated. The results of the present study and of other reports discussed in this paper demonstrate that the INVOS 3100 cerebral oximeter should not be used at this moment as a measure reflecting absolute rSO2 values. However, it seems to be relevant that the INVOS 3100 system can monitor the dynamic changes in rSO2, although limitations have to be taken into consideration.
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To introduce a new EEG parameter for monitoring a patient's cerebral status during anaesthesia. ⋯ Detailed neural cluster and discriminant analysis on the basis of the model described leads to an improved EEG parameter which better reflects the hypnotic effects of anaesthetic agents and arousal reactions caused by pain stimuli. Misclassifications of awake and anaesthetised stages are reduced. The neural network learns to recognize the complex changes in EEG patterns during induction of anaesthesia with different agents.
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Continuous monitoring of dynamic changes of transcranial regional cerebral oxygenation (rSO2) was performed in 7 healthy volunteers (mean age 40.9 +/- 12.6 years; range 25-62 years) during normo- and hyperbaric oxygenation (HBO at 2.5 and at 1.95 ATA) using an INVOS 3100 cerebral oximeter. A significant change between HBO and control phase could be found in rSO2, alterations (p < 0.05; ANOVA, Tukey test). The results suggest that the calculation of rSO2 may be a useful method to monitor changes of oxygen saturation under hyperbaric conditions. However, the absolute quantification of rSO2 is useless at the moment and needs further investigation.