The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology
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J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. · Apr 2014
Sputum gene expression signature of 6 biomarkers discriminates asthma inflammatory phenotypes.
Airway inflammation is associated with asthma exacerbation risk, treatment response, and disease mechanisms. ⋯ A sputum gene expression signature of 6 biomarkers reproducibly and significantly discriminates inflammatory phenotypes of asthma and predicts ICS treatment response. This signature has the potential to become a useful diagnostic tool to assist in the clinical diagnosis and management of asthma.
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J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. · Apr 2014
Low vitamin D levels are associated with atopic dermatitis, but not allergic rhinitis, asthma, or IgE sensitization, in the adult Korean population.
The effect of vitamin D on allergic conditions is unclear. In particular, large-scale, population-based studies examining this relationship in adult Asian populations are lacking. ⋯ Vitamin D-insufficient adult individuals within the general Korean population have an increased likelihood of atopic dermatitis, but not asthma, allergic rhinitis, or IgE sensitization.
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J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. · Apr 2014
Randomized Controlled Trial Multicenter Study Clinical TrialEfficacy and safety of an anti-IL-13 mAb in patients with severe asthma: a randomized trial.
Approximately 5% to 10% of asthmatic patients achieve incomplete symptom control on current therapies. The association of IL-13 with asthma pathology and reduced corticosteroid sensitivity suggests a potential benefit of anti-IL-13 therapy in refractory asthma. GSK679586, a humanized mAb, inhibits IL-13 binding to both IL-13 receptor α1 and α2. ⋯ Although well tolerated, GSK679586 did not demonstrate clinically meaningful improvements in asthma control, pulmonary function, or exacerbations in patients with severe asthma. Further studies are needed to determine whether therapies targeting IL-13, the functionally related IL-4 cytokine, or both can provide clinical benefit in patients with severe refractory asthma or a subpopulation of these patients beyond that achievable with high-dose corticosteroids.
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J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. · Apr 2014
Randomized Controlled TrialGuselkumab (an IL-23-specific mAb) demonstrates clinical and molecular response in patients with moderate-to-severe psoriasis.
IL-23 expression is increased in psoriatic lesions and might regulate TH17 T-cell counts in patients with psoriasis. ⋯ IL-23 inhibition with a single dose of guselkumab results in clinical responses in patients with moderate-to-severe psoriasis, suggesting that neutralization of IL-23 alone is a promising therapy for psoriasis.
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J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. · Apr 2014
Prostaglandin D2 activates group 2 innate lymphoid cells through chemoattractant receptor-homologous molecule expressed on TH2 cells.
Activation of the group 2 innate lymphoid cell (ILC2) population leads to production of the classical type 2 cytokines, thus promoting type 2 immunity. Chemoattractant receptor-homologous molecule expressed on TH2 cells (CRTH2), a receptor for prostaglandin D₂ (PGD₂), is expressed by human ILC2s. However, the function of CRTH2 in these cells is unclear. ⋯ PGD₂ is an important and potent activator of ILC2s through CRTH2 mediating strong proallergic inflammatory responses. Through IgE-mediated mast cell degranulation, these innate cells can also contribute to adaptive type 2 immunity; thus CRTH2 bridges the innate and adaptive pathways in human ILC2s.