The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology
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J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. · Jan 2017
Dysregulation of type 2 innate lymphoid cells and TH2 cells impairs pollutant-induced allergic airway responses.
Although the prominent role of TH2 cells in type 2 immune responses is well established, the newly identified type 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) can also contribute to orchestration of allergic responses. Several experimental and epidemiologic studies have provided evidence that allergen-induced airway responses can be further enhanced on exposure to environmental pollutants, such as diesel exhaust particles (DEPs). However, the components and pathways responsible remain incompletely known. ⋯ These data indicate that dysregulation of ILC2s and TH2 cells attenuates DEP-enhanced allergic airway inflammation. In addition, a crucial role for the adaptive immune system was shown on concomitant DEP+HDM exposure.
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J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. · Dec 2016
Airway hyperresponsiveness in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: A marker of asthma-chronic obstructive pulmonary disease overlap syndrome?
The impact of airway hyperreactivity (AHR) on respiratory mortality and systemic inflammation among patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is largely unknown. We used data from 2 large studies to determine the relationship between AHR and FEV1 decline, respiratory mortality, and systemic inflammation. ⋯ AHR is common in patients with mild-to-moderate COPD, affecting 1 in 4 patients and identifies a distinct subset of patients who have increased risk of disease progression and mortality. AHR may represent a spectrum of the asthma-COPD overlap phenotype that urgently requires disease modification.
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J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. · Nov 2016
Exhaled nitric oxide: Not associated with asthma, symptoms, or spirometry in children with sickle cell anemia.
The significance of fractional exhaled nitric oxide (Feno) levels in children with sickle cell anemia (SCA) is unclear, but increased levels can be associated with features of asthma and thus increased morbidity. ⋯ Steady-state Feno levels were not associated with an asthma diagnosis, wheezing symptoms, lung function measures, or prior sickle cell morbidity but were associated with markers of atopy and increased risk of future ACS events.