The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology
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J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. · Dec 2010
Staphylococcal exotoxins are strong inducers of IL-22: A potential role in atopic dermatitis.
Patients with atopic dermatitis (AD) and psoriasis are frequently colonized with Staphylococcus aureus that produces staphylococcal enterotoxin B (SEB) and α-toxin. In patients with AD, S aureus colonization is positively correlated with the severity of their eczema. Moreover, IL-22-producing cells have been shown to accumulate in AD skin and to correlate with disease severity. ⋯ Increased IL-22 secretion induced by staphylococcal exotoxins in the skin partially explains how skin colonization and infection with S aureus can contribute to chronic skin inflammation in AD.
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J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. · Dec 2010
Food allergy herbal formula 2 protection against peanut anaphylactic reaction is via inhibition of mast cells and basophils.
Mast cells and basophils are key effector cells of IgE-mediated anaphylactic reactions. The Chinese herbal formula, food allergy herbal formula 2 (FAHF-2), protects against peanut anaphylaxis in mice. However, the mechanisms underlying this effect are not fully elucidated. ⋯ Food allergy herbal formula 2 reduction of basophils and mast cell numbers as well as suppression of IgE-mediated mast cell activation may contribute to FAHF-2's persistent protection against peanut anaphylaxis.
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J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. · Nov 2010
IgE-mediated hypersensitivity to cephalosporins: cross-reactivity and tolerability of penicillins, monobactams, and carbapenems.
There have been few studies regarding the cross-reactivity and tolerability of penicillins, aztreonam, and carbapenems in large samples of subjects with cephalosporin allergy. ⋯ About 25% of subjects with cephalosporin allergy had positive results to penicillins, 3.1% to aztreonam, 2% to imipenem/cilastatin, and 1% to meropenem. In those who especially require alternative β-lactams, pretreatment skin tests are advisable because negative results indicate tolerability of the β-lactam concerned.
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J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. · Oct 2010
Randomized Controlled TrialStatins enhance the anti-inflammatory effects of inhaled corticosteroids in asthmatic patients through increased induction of indoleamine 2, 3-dioxygenase.
We have previously shown that inhaled corticosteroids activate indoleamine 2, 3-dioxygenase (IDO) activity through increased IL-10 secretion. Statins might enhance the anti-inflammatory effects of corticosteroids. ⋯ A statin enhances the anti-inflammatory effect of an inhaled corticosteroid in asthma, and this was mediated through the alteration of IDO activity in macrophages.
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J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. · Oct 2010
ALOX5AP and LTA4H polymorphisms modify augmentation of bronchodilator responsiveness by leukotriene modifiers in Latinos.
Understanding the effects of interactions between multiple genes and asthma medications may aid in the understanding of the heterogeneous response to asthma therapies. ⋯ LTA4H and ALOX5AP gene polymorphisms modify the augmentation of bronchodilator responsiveness by leukotriene modifiers in Puerto Ricans but not Mexicans with asthma.