Anesthesiology
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Randomized Controlled Trial Clinical Trial
Psychedelic effects of ketamine in healthy volunteers: relationship to steady-state plasma concentrations.
Ketamine has been associated with a unique spectrum of subjective "psychedelic" effects in patients emerging from anesthesia. This study quantified these effects of ketamine and related them to steady-state plasma concentrations. ⋯ Subanesthetic doses of ketamine produce psychedelic effects in healthy volunteers. The relation between steady-state venous plasma ketamine concentrations and effects is highly linear between 50 and 200 ng/ml.
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Randomized Controlled Trial Clinical Trial
Low-dose ondansetron with dexamethasone more effectively decreases vomiting after strabismus surgery in children than does high-dose ondansetron.
Ondansetron and dexamethasone have been observed to decrease the incidence of vomiting by children after general anesthesia. This study compared the effect of high-dose (150 microg/kg) ondansetron with low-dose (50 microg/kg) ondansetron plus 150 microg/kg dexamethasone on the incidence of vomiting after strabismus in children. ⋯ Low-dose ondansetron plus dexamethasone is an effective prophylactic antiemetic combination for children undergoing strabismus surgery.
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Randomized Controlled Trial Clinical Trial
The effects of fentanyl on sevoflurane requirements for loss of consciousness and skin incision.
Fentanyl produces a minimal reduction in the minimum alveolar concentration of sevoflurane to prevent response to a verbal command in 50% of patients (MAC[awake]) at low but analgesic plasma concentrations. The reduction in MAC(awake), however, is still unknown at higher fentanyl concentrations. The reduction in the MAC of sevoflurane by fentanyl has not been described accurately. The purpose of this study was to determine the MAC(awake) and MAC reduction of sevoflurane by fentanyl. ⋯ The reduction in sevoflurane requirements for loss of consciousness and skin incision by fentanyl was determined. Fentanyl reduced both requirements, but the mode of the reduction was not comparable.