Anesthesiology
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The current study aimed to assess whether local administration of morphine could block the development of hyperalgesia and allodynia in a rat model of osteotomy or bone damage. ⋯ This study shows that local application of a low dose of morphine effectively blocks the development of hyperalgesia and allodynia in a rat model of bone damage through mu-opioid receptor action. These findings provide further evidence that local application of morphine at the time of orthopedic surgery, bone graft, or bone marrow harvesting may reduce the amount of postoperative pain.
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The incidence of noninfectious systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) associated with coronary artery bypass surgery and the potential role of several inflammatory parameters as early markers of pulmonary dysfunction induced by cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) were investigated. ⋯ Procalcitonin seems to be an appropriate parameter indicating the early development of severe noninfectious SIRS and for predicting pulmonary dysfunction secondary to CPB.
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Although inhibition of nitric oxide synthase (NOS) has been reported to be antinociceptive and to reduce the threshold of general anesthesia, the mechanism of action is largely unknown. Specifically, the relation between the minimum alveolar concentration (MAC)-reducing effects of NOS inhibition and cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) concentrations in the brain has not been defined. To further characterize the effects of NOS inhibition, the authors studied the relation between the MAC of sevoflurane and the cGMP concentration of the brain after acute and chronic treatment with a neuronally selective NOS inhibitor, 7-nitroindazole (7-NI). ⋯ Although an acute selective inhibition of neuronal NOS decreases sevoflurane MAC and cerebellar cGMP concentrations in mice, there was a dissociation between the two parameters during long-term neuronal NOS inhibition. There may be cGMP-independent compensatory mechanisms that mediate nociception when NOS is chronically inhibited.