Anesthesiology
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Isovolemic anemia results in improved gas exchange in rabbits with normal lungs but in relatively poorer gas exchange in rabbits with whole-lung atelectasis. In the current study, the authors characterized the effects of hemodilution on gas exchange in a distinct model of diffuse lung injury: venous gas embolization. ⋯ Isovolemic hemodilution results in improved oxygen exchange in rabbits with lung injury induced by gas embolization. The mechanism for this improvement is not clear.
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Microvascular reperfusion failure of splanchnic organs is a crucial hallmark in organ damage induced by hemorrhagic shock, which should be prevented by a resuscitation solution. Because the vasoactive properties of the hemoglobin-based oxygen carrier diaspirin cross-linked hemoglobin (DCLHb) could adversely influence restoration of pancreatic capillary perfusion during resuscitation, the authors investigated its effects on the microcirculation of the rat pancreas in comparison with whole blood and 6% hydroxyethylstarch resuscitation from severe hemorrhagic shock. ⋯ DCLHb is as effective as WB for preservation of the pancreatic microcirculation.
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It is not known whether the effects of desflurane on local cerebral glucose utilization (LCGU) and local cerebral blood flow (LCBF) are different from those of other volatile anesthetics. ⋯ Differences in the physicochemical properties of desflurane compared with isoflurane are not associated with major differences in the effects of both volatile anesthetics on cerebral glucose utilization, blood flow, and the coupling between LCBF and LCGU.
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Randomized Controlled Trial Multicenter Study Comparative Study Clinical Trial
Evaluation of neuromuscular and cardiovascular effects of two doses of rapacuronium (ORG 9487) versus mivacurium and succinylcholine.
This study compares the neuromuscular blocking and cardiovascular effects of rapacuronium (ORG 9487), a new aminosteroid nondepolarizing muscle relaxant, to recommended intubating doses of succinylcholine and mivacurium. ⋯ Rapacuronium, 1.5 and 2.5 mg/kg, produced neuromuscular blockade as rapidly as succinylcholine and significantly faster than mivacurium. Although succinylcholine continued to show the shortest duration, 1.5 mg/kg rapacuronium used a rapid onset and a relatively short duration and may be considered an alternative to succinylcholine.