Anesthesiology
-
Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative Study Clinical Trial
Endotracheal intubation, but not laryngeal mask airway insertion, produces reversible bronchoconstriction.
Tracheal intubation frequently results in an increase in respiratory system resistance that can be reversed by inhaled bronchodilators. The authors hypothesized that insertion of a laryngeal mask airway would be less likely to result in reversible bronchoconstriction than would insertion of an endotracheal tube. ⋯ Resistance decreased rapidly only in patients with endotracheal tubes after they received isoflurane, a potent bronchodilator, suggesting that reversible bronchoconstriction was present in patients with endotracheal tubes but not in those with laryngeal mask airways. A laryngeal mask airway is a better choice of airway to minimize airway reaction.
-
Randomized Controlled Trial Clinical Trial
Effects of xenon on hemodynamic responses to skin incision in humans.
The authors evaluated the hemodynamic suppressive effects of xenon in combination with sevoflurane at skin incision in patients undergoing surgery. ⋯ Xenon and nitrous oxide in combination with sevoflurane can reduce hemodynamic responses to skin incision compared with sevoflurane alone. One probable explanation may be that xenon has analgesic properties similar to those of nitrous oxide, although the exact mechanism is yet to be determined.
-
Comparative Study
The comparative pharmacodynamics of remifentanil and its metabolite, GR90291, in a rat electroencephalographic model.
The purpose of this study was to investigate the in vivo pharmacodynamics and the pharmacodynamic interactions of remifentanil and its major metabolite, GR90291, in a rat electroencephalographic model. ⋯ Analysis of the data on the basis of a previously postulated, mechanism-based pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic model for synthetic opioids revealed that the low in vivo potency of GR90291 can be explained by a low affinity to the mu-opioid receptor in combination with a poor brain penetration.