Anesthesiology
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Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative Study Clinical Trial
Pulmonary airway resistance with the endotracheal tube versus laryngeal mask airway in paralyzed anesthetized adult patients.
The hypothesis that airway resistance is less with the laryngeal mask airway than with the endotracheal tube was tested. ⋯ The laryngeal mask airway triggers less bronchoconstriction than does the endotracheal tube in paralyzed anesthetized adult patients. This may have implications for maintaining intraoperative pulmonary function and reducing the risk for atelectasis and pulmonary infection.
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Randomized Controlled Trial Clinical Trial
Molar potency is predictive of the speed of onset of neuromuscular block for agents of intermediate, short, and ultrashort duration.
The times to peak effect of rocuronium, vecuronium, cisatracurium, mivacurium, and succinylcholine were evaluated to confirm that the correlation between potency and onset time observed for long-acting relaxants also held for drugs of intermediate and short duration. ⋯ The inverse correlation between the molar potency and speed of onset previously described for agents of long duration also applies to nondepolarizing agents of intermediate and short duration. The onset time of succinylcholine also appears to be compatible with this relation.
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Randomized Controlled Trial Clinical Trial
Ondansetron is effective to treat spinal or epidural morphine-induced pruritus.
Spinally and epidurally administered morphine is frequently associated with pruritus. Isolated case reports indicate that ondansetron may be effective in this context. This study aims to investigate the effectiveness of ondansetron to treat this side effect. ⋯ The administration of 8 mg ondansetron intravenously is an effective treatment for spinally or epidurally administered morphine-induced pruritus. In this clinical condition the treatment is safe and well tolerated.
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Randomized Controlled Trial Clinical Trial
The effect of fentanyl on sevoflurane requirements for somatic and sympathetic responses to surgical incision.
Fentanyl produces a reduction in the minimum alveolar concentration (MAC) of isoflurane and desflurane needed to blockade adrenergic response (BAR) to surgical incision in 50% of patients (MAC-BAR). MAC-BAR of sevoflurane and the reduction in MAC-BAR of sevoflurane by fentanyl have not been described previously. The purpose of this study was to determine the MAC and MAC-BAR reduction of sevoflurane by fentanyl with and without nitrous oxide (N2O). ⋯ MAC and MAC-BAR decreased similarly with increasing concentrations of fentanyl in plasma, showing an initial steep reduction followed by a ceiling effect. In the presence of N2O, MAC and MAC-BAR decreased similarly but did not exhibit a ceiling effect.