Anesthesiology
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Comparative Study
Effects of isoflurane versus fentanyl-nitrous oxide anesthesia on long-term outcome from severe forebrain ischemia in the rat.
This study examined long-term outcome from severe forebrain ischemia in the rat, as a function of anesthetic given during the ischemic injury. ⋯ This study found no change in the percent alive CA1 hippocampal neurons as a function of duration of recovery from severe forebrain ischemia in isoflurane anesthetized rats. In contrast, the percent alive CA1 neurons in fentanyl-nitrous oxide-anesthetized rats tripled over 3 months of recovery. The natural history of long-term responses to forebrain ischemia requires further study before conclusions can be drawn with respect to the permanence of isoflurane neuroprotection.
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Emergence delirium has been investigated in several clinical trials. However, no reliable and valid rating scale exists to measure this phenomenon in children. Therefore, the authors developed and evaluated the Pediatric Anesthesia Emergence Delirium (PAED) scale to measure emergence delirium in children. ⋯ These results support the reliability and validity of the PAED scale.
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Management strategies conceived to improve patient safety in anesthesia have rarely been assessed prospectively. The authors undertook a prospective evaluation of a predefined algorithm for unanticipated difficult airway management. ⋯ When applied in accordance with a predefined algorithm, the gum elastic bougie and the ILMA are effective to solve most problems occurring during unexpected difficult airway management.
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Comparative Study
Can acceleromyography detect low levels of residual paralysis? A probability approach to detect a mechanomyographic train-of-four ratio of 0.9.
The incidence of residual paralysis, i.e., a mechanomyographic train-of-four (TOF) ratio (T4/T1) less than 0.9, remains frequent. Routine acceleromyography has been proposed to detect residual paralysis in clinical practice. Although acceleromyographic data are easy to obtain, they differ from mechanomyographic data, with which they are not interchangeable. The current study aimed to determine (1) the acceleromyographic TOF ratio that detects residual paralysis with a 95% probability, and (2) the impact of calibration and normalization on this predictive acceleromyographic value. ⋯ To exclude residual paralysis reliably when using acceleromyography, TOF recovery to 1.0 is mandatory.
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Lumbar facet nerve (medial branch) block for pain relief in facet syndrome is currently performed under fluoroscopic or computed tomography scan guidance. In this three-part study, the authors developed a new ultrasound-guided methodology, described the necessary landmarks and views, assessed ultrasound-derived distances, and tested the clinical feasibility. ⋯ Ultrasound guidance seems to be a promising new technique with clinical relevance and the potential to increase practicability while avoiding radiation in lumbar facet nerve block.