Anesthesiology
-
Randomized Controlled Trial
Kinetics and extravascular retention of acetated ringer's solution during isoflurane or propofol anesthesia for thyroid surgery.
In sheep, isoflurane causes extravascular accumulation of infused crystalloid fluid. The current study evaluates whether isoflurane has a greater tendency than propofol to cause extravascular retention in surgical patients. ⋯ The amount of evaporation and extravascular retention of fluid was small during thyroid surgery, irrespective of whether anesthesia was maintained by isoflurane or propofol.
-
The mechanisms of amino-amide local anesthetic agent-induced vasoconstriction remain unclear. The current study was designed to examine the roles of the protein kinase C (PKC), Rho kinase, and p44/42 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p44/42 MAPK) signaling pathways in calcium (Ca2+)-sensitization mechanisms in ropivacaine-induced vascular contraction. ⋯ These findings demonstrated that PKC-, Rho kinase-, and p44/42 MAPK-mediated Ca2+-sensitization mechanisms are involved in the ropivacaine-induced biphasic contraction of rat aortic smooth muscle.
-
Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative Study Clinical Trial
Nerve stimulator-guided paravertebral blockade combined with sevoflurane sedation versus general anesthesia with systemic analgesia for postherniorrhaphy pain relief in children: a prospective randomized trial.
Improvement of the duration of postoperative analgesia is desirable in children undergoing inguinal hernia repair. ⋯ Paravertebral nerve blockade was associated with improved postoperative pain relief; reduced analgesic consumption, and faster hospital discharge compared with a systemic analgesia protocol in children undergoing herniorrhaphy.
-
Isoflurane preconditions neurons to improve tolerance of subsequent ischemia in both intact animal models and in in vitro preparations. The mechanisms for this protection remain largely undefined. Because isoflurane increases intracellular Ca2+ concentrations and Ca2+ is involved in many processes related to preconditioning, the authors hypothesized that isoflurane preconditions neurons via Ca2+-dependent processes involving the Ca2+- binding protein calmodulin and the mitogen-activated protein kinase-ERK pathway. ⋯ Isoflurane, at clinical concentrations, preconditions neurons in hippocampal slice cultures by mechanisms that apparently involve release of Ca2+ from the endoplasmic reticulum, transient increases in intracellular Ca2+ concentration, the Ca2+ binding protein calmodulin, and phosphorylation of the mitogen-activated protein kinase p42/44.