Anesthesiology
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Comparative Study
Comparison of the particle sizes of different steroids and the effect of dilution: a review of the relative neurotoxicities of the steroids.
Central nervous system injuries after transforaminal epidural steroid injections have been ascribed to occlusion of the blood vessels supplying the spinal cord and brain by the particulate steroid. ⋯ Commercial betamethasone is the recommended preparation if a nonsoluble steroid is preferred. Dexamethasone is a nonparticulate steroid, but its routine use awaits further studies on its safety and efficacy.
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The authors' objective was to identify the role of the Na+-Ca2+ exchanger (NCX) in mediating the contractile dysfunction observed in diabetic cardiomyocytes before and after exposure to propofol. ⋯ These data suggest that propofol enhances PRP via activation of reverse mode NCX, but attenuates Ca2+ removal from the cytosol via inhibition of forward mode NCX in diabetic cardiomyocytes. The actions of propofol are mediated via a protein kinase C-dependent pathway.