Anesthesiology
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Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative Study
Approach combining the airway scope and the bougie for minimizing movement of the cervical spine during endotracheal intubation.
The Airway Scope (AWS, AWS-S100; Hoya-Pentax, Tokyo, Japan), a recently introduced video laryngoscope, has been reported to reduce movement of the cervical spine during intubation attempts in comparison with conventional laryngoscopes. Use of the bougie as an aid for the AWS may cause further reduction. The authors compared cervical spine movement during intubation with the AWS with and without a bougie. ⋯ Use of the bougie resulted in significantly reduced extension of the cervical spine during intubation attempt with the AWS in patients with a normal cervical spine.
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Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative Study
Is the performance of acceleromyography improved with preload and normalization? A comparison with mechanomyography.
Many studies have indicated that acceleromyography and mechanomyography cannot be used interchangeably. To improve the agreement between the two methods, it has been suggested to use a preload and to refer all train-of-four (TOF) ratios to the control TOF (normalization) when using acceleromyography. The first purpose of this study was to test whether a preload applied to acceleromyography would increase the precision and the agreement with mechanomyography. The second purpose was to evaluate whether normalization would improve the agreement with mechanomyography. ⋯ Preload increases the precision of acceleromyography, and normalization of the TOF ratios decreases bias in relation to mechanomyography. When both acceleromyography and mechanomyography are normalized, there is no significant bias between the two methods.
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When switching from two-lung to one-lung ventilation (OLV), shunt fraction increases, oxygenation is impaired, and hypoxemia may occur. Hypoxemia during OLV may be predicted from measurements of lung function, distribution of perfusion between the lungs, whether the right or the left lung is ventilated, and whether the operation will be performed in the supine or in the lateral decubitus position. ⋯ Hypoxemia during OLV may be treated symptomatically by increasing inspired fraction of oxygen, by ventilating, or by using continuous positive airway pressure in the nonventilated lung. Hypoxemia during OLV may be treated causally by correcting the position of the double-lumen tube, clearing the main bronchi of the ventilated lung from secretions, and improving the ventilation strategy.
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Over the past four decades, we have learned considerably more about the pathophysiology and treatment of drowning. This, coupled with increased emphasis in improvement in water safety and resuscitation, has produced a threefold decrease in the number of deaths, indexed to population, from drowning in the United States yearly. This review presents the current status of our knowledge of the epidemiology, the pathophysiology of drowning and its treatment, updates the definitions of drowning and the drowning process, and makes suggestions for further improvement in water safety.
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Electromanometric blood pressure measurements are routine in critically ill patients, and many interventions are based on correct measurements. We report a mini-epidemic of erroneous central venous pressure measurements due to faulty pressure transducer manufacturing resulting in wrong therapeutic decisions.