Anesthesiology
-
Reverse triggering is a delayed asynchronous contraction of the diaphragm triggered by passive insufflation by the ventilator in sedated mechanically ventilated patients. The incidence of reverse triggering is unknown. This study aimed at determining the incidence of reverse triggering in critically ill patients under controlled ventilation. ⋯ Reverse triggering detection based on electrical activity of the diaphragm suggests that this asynchrony is highly prevalent at 24 h after intubation under assist-control ventilation. Reverse triggering seems to occur during the transition phase between deep sedation and the onset of patient triggering.
-
Anesthetics aim to prevent memory of unpleasant experiences. The amygdala and dorsal anterior cingulate cortex participate in forging emotional and valence-driven memory formation. It was hypothesized that this circuitry maintains its role under sedation. ⋯ These results suggest that the amygdala-dorsal anterior cingulate cortex circuit maintains its role in acquisition and maintenance of aversive memories in nonhuman primates under sedation with ketamine and midazolam and that the stimulus valence is sufficient to drive memory formation.