Anesthesiology
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Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative Study Clinical Trial
Postoperative pain management by intranasal demand-adapted fentanyl titration.
The aim of the present study was to investigate whether intranasal administration of fentanyl allows a demand-adapted postoperative opioid titration. Forty-two patients who had undergone surgery for lumbar intervertebral disk protrusion were included in a prospective randomized double-blind study. When complaining about intense pain, 22 patients received six sprays of fentanyl (0.027 mg) intranasally and 6 ml sodium chloride 0.9% intravenously and 20 patients received six sprays of sodium chloride 0.9% intranasally and 6 ml of a diluted fentanyl solution (0.027 mg) intravenously. ⋯ Only at the (10-), 20- and 30-min measurement points was the pain intensity significantly lower in the intravenous than in the intranasal group. One patient of the intravenous group showed a decrease in arterial hemoglobin oxygen saturation to less than 90%. Other serious side effects were not observed.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative Study Clinical Trial
Intraarticular morphine, bupivacaine, and morphine/bupivacaine for pain control after knee videoarthroscopy.
Evidence has accumulated that opioids can produce potent antinociceptive effects by interacting with opioid receptors in peripheral tissues. This study sought to compare the effects of morphine with those of bupivacaine administered intraarticularly upon pain following arthroscopic knee surgery. In a double-blind, randomized manner, 33 patients received either morphine (1 mg in 20 ml NaCl; n = 11), bupivacaine (20 ml, 0.25%; n = 11), or a combination of the two (n = 11) intraarticularly at the completion of surgery. ⋯ Analgesic requirements were significantly greater in the morphine group than in the other groups at 1 h but were significantly greater in the bupivacaine group than in the other groups throughout the remainder of the study period. We conclude that intraarticular morphine produces an analgesic effect of delayed onset but of remarkably long duration. The combination of these two drugs results in satisfactory analgesia throughout the entire observation period.
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Randomized Controlled Trial Clinical Trial
Thiopental pharmacodynamics. II. Quantitation of clinical and electroencephalographic depth of anesthesia.
This study examined the relationship among pseudo-steady-state (constant) serum thiopental concentrations, clinical anesthetic depth as assessed by several perioperative stimuli, and the electroencephalogram (EEG). Twenty-six ASA physical status 1 or 2 patients participated in the study. Two constant serum thiopental concentrations were maintained in each patient using a computer-controlled infusion pump. ⋯ The EEG was analyzed using aperiodic waveform analysis to derive the number of waves per second. A biphasic relationship between constant serum thiopental concentration and the EEG number of waves per second was observed. Loss of responsiveness to verbal stimulation occurred when the EEG was activated at 15-18 waves/s.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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Randomized Controlled Trial Clinical Trial
Intrathecal clonidine as a sole analgesic for pain relief after cesarean section.
In a small number of studies and isolated case reports, intrathecally administered clonidine has been reported to relieve intractable cancer pain and to prolong spinal anesthesia induced by various local anesthetics. A double-blind placebo-controlled clinical trial was carried out in order to evaluate the effect of intrathecal clonidine on pain following cesarean section. Twenty patients who underwent elective cesarean section received, 45 min after general anesthesia, either 150 micrograms (n = 10) clonidine or saline (control group, n = 10) intrathecally. ⋯ Maximal reduction of systolic arterial pressure was 15 +/- 9%, of diastolic arterial pressure 22 +/- 12%, and of mean arterial pressure 18 +/- 12%. Clonidine did not affect arterial hemoglobin oxygen saturation or PaCO2. Patients in the clonidine group were significantly more sedated (P less than 0.05) and more frequently reported a dry mouth (P less than 0.01) compared to the normal saline group.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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Comparative Study Clinical Trial
Epidural versus general anesthesia, ambient operating room temperature, and patient age as predictors of inadvertent hypothermia.
To elucidate the multifactorial nature of perioperative changes in body temperature, the influence of several clinical variables, including anesthetic technique, ambient operating room temperature, and age, were evaluated. Perioperative oral sublingual temperatures were measured in 97 patients undergoing lower extremity vascular surgery randomized to receive either general (GA) or epidural (EA) anesthesia. Surgery and anesthesia were performed in operating rooms (OR) with a relatively warm mean ambient temperature (24.5 +/- 0.4 degrees C) (GA, n = 30; EA, n = 33) or relatively cold mean ambient temperature (21.3 +/- 0.3 degrees C) (GA, n = 21; EA, n = 13). ⋯ The major correlates of greater intraoperative decrease in temperature were 1) GA (P = 0.003); 2) cold ambient OR temperature (P = 0.07); and 3) advancing patient age (P = 0.03). There was significant interaction between ambient OR temperature and type of anesthesia (P = 0.03): there was a greater intraoperative decrease in temperature with GA compared to EA in a cold OR but a similar decrease with GA and EA in a warm OR. The data also suggest an interaction between type of anesthesia and patient age (P = 0.06), showing a greater decrease in temperature with GA compared to EA in the younger patients, but a similar decrease between GA and EA in older patients.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)