Tropical doctor
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We assessed the involvement of vitamin A deficiency (VAD) and anaemia as co-morbidities associated with severe forms of protein-energy malnutrition in hospitalized children. In a descriptive case series study of 57 children, one clinical case of xerophthalmia was diagnosed: 44.0% had levels of serum retinol <20 µg/dL and 88.0% had Hb <11 g/dL, of whom 30.0% had haemoglobin levels below 7.0 g/dL.
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The relative rarity of hypertrophic pyloric stenosis (HPS) in the developing world makes its diagnosis a challenge to many physicians. This study audits the management of HPS at a tertiary hospital in South Africa, with a view to defining its regional pattern. This is a retrospective review of records of all patients (n = 63) managed for HPS over an eight-year period (2002-2010). ⋯ The overall complication rate was 14.3% and the mortality rate was 0%. Despite the rarity of HPS in the Third World, the outcome of its management is favourable. However, the sensitivity of abdominal ultrasound for diagnosing HPS is low.
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We attempt to describe the clinical features of venomous snake bites in southern Iran. In this study the complication rate has been markedly reduced compared with other developing countries. The availability of antivenom at primary health-care centres and rapid transportation facilities may change the morbidity associated with snake bites.
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Co-infection of HBV, HCV and HIV is common because of shared routes of viral transmission with increased risk of morbidity and mortality. Anti-HCV and HIV antibodies of 168 HBV patients were assayed. ⋯ There was no simultaneous co-infection of HCV, HIV and HBV. It is recommended that all patients are screened for possible co-infections before initiating treatment.
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The face mask is a device to facilitate the delivery of gases from a breathing system to a patient by creating an airtight seal around the face. Of the many types of face masks available, the anatomical face mask is most commonly used for anaesthesia. ⋯ This results in air dilution during spontaneous respiration and inadequate gas exchange during controlled ventilation. A simple solution to restore this seal has been provided.