Clinical radiology
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To determine military-specific cervical neurovascular and external anthropometric data to scale future numerical injury models of the neck and improve body armour design with a view to prevention or mitigation of combat neck injury. ⋯ Future cervical anthropometric assessments should use the vertical angle of mandible to mid-claviclular distance in combination with the horizontal neck circumference as these demonstrated the least variability. Cervical neurovascular structures are least vulnerable posterosuperiorly and therefore extending the posterior aspect of a ballistic helmet inferiorly or adding a nape protector would appear to be less justified. Cervical vessels are most vulnerable in zone 1 and a circumferential collar of ballistic material at least 75 mm high would cover this area in 95% of this population.
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To assess the accuracy and risk factors for complications of computed tomography (CT)-guided percutaneous core needle biopsy (CNB) for small (≤20 mm) pulmonary lesions. ⋯ CT-guided percutaneous CNB of small (≤20 mm) pulmonary lesions provides high diagnostic accuracy with acceptable complications. A lesion-pleural distance of ≥21 mm and needle-pleural angle of ≥51° are identified as the risk factors for highest pneumothorax rate. In addition, the needle-pleural angle is a novel predictor of pneumothorax. A lesion-pleural distance of ≥21 mm is also identified as a risk factor for the highest bleeding rate.