Anesthesia and analgesia
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Anesthesia and analgesia · Sep 1993
Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative Study Clinical TrialSerial intravenous doses of dezocine, morphine, and nalbuphine in the management of postoperative pain for outpatients.
Adult patients who had arthroscopic surgery under general anesthesia and requested postoperative pain relief were randomized to receive treatment in a double-blind protocol with 5 mg of intravenous dezocine (20 patients), morphine (22 patients), nalbuphine (18 patients), or saline (24 patients). At 10-min intervals, starting with the first dose of analgesic, patients could choose up to three additional doses of the primary treatment, or choose an alternative analgesic if the primary drug was unsatisfactory. One to four doses of morphine were given as the alternate treatment if the initial treatment was dezocine or nalbuphine, and one to four doses of dezocine were given if the initial treatment was saline or morphine. ⋯ As an alternate analgesic in this study, dezocine required fewer doses to achieve patient satisfaction and was thus more efficacious than morphine. The incidence of treatment-related, adverse effects was different from that of saline or other treatments only for nalbuphine-related pain or burning on injection and dezocine-related facial itching. With respect to analgesic actions and side effects, dezocine seems more like morphine than nalbuphine.
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Anesthesia and analgesia · Sep 1993
Comparative StudyEffect of vasopressin on hemodynamic variables, organ blood flow, and acid-base status in a pig model of cardiopulmonary resuscitation.
Based upon the hypothesis that vasopressin (antidiuretic hormone) may increase vascular resistance during ventricular fibrillation, the effects of this potent vasoconstrictor were studied in a porcine model of ventricular fibrillation. Vasopressin therapy was compared to epinephrine by randomly allocating 14 pigs to receive either 0.045 mg/kg of epinephrine (n = 7) or 0.8 U/kg of vasopressin (n = 7) after 4 min of ventricular fibrillation and 3 min of open-chest cardiopulmonary resuscitation. During cardiopulmonary resuscitation, myocardial blood flow before and 90 s and 5 min after drug administration was 57 +/- 11, 84 +/- 11, and 59 +/- 9 mL.min-1 x 100 g-1 (mean +/- SEM) in the epinephrine group, and 61 +/- 5, 148 +/- 26, and 122 +/- 22 mL.min-1 x 100 g-1 in the vasopressin group (P < 0.05 at 90 s and 5 min). ⋯ All pigs in both groups were resuscitated and survived the 2-h observation period. We conclude that vasopressin improves vital organ perfusion during ventricular fibrillation and cardiopulmonary resuscitation. Vasopressin seems to be at least as effective as epinephrine in this pig model of ventricular fibrillation.
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Anesthesia and analgesia · Sep 1993
Attitudes of anesthesiology residents toward critical care medicine training.
The number of anesthesiology residents pursuing critical care medicine (CCM) fellowship training has been decreasing in recent years. A significant number of training positions remain unfilled each year. Possible causes of this decline were evaluated by surveying residents regarding their attitudes toward practice and training in CCM. ⋯ Written responses to open-ended questions suggested resident concerns with the following: stress of chronic care, financial consequences of additional year of training, ICU call frequency and load, ICU role ambiguity, and shared decision-making in the ICU. A recurring question was, "Are there jobs (outside of academics) for anesthesiologist intensivists?" Most residents knew a CCM anesthesiologist they admired and knew that there were unfilled fellowship positions available. Defining the job market, improving curriculum and teaching, supporting deferment of student loans, and introducing residents and medical students to the ICU earlier may increase the interest in CCM practice among anesthesiology residents.
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Anesthesia and analgesia · Sep 1993
Chronic alcoholism increases the induction dose of propofol in humans.
The doses of propofol that produce loss of consciousness were investigated in 26 patients with chronic alcoholism and in 20 patients with a history of small alcoholic intake undergoing ear, nose, and throat surgery under general anesthesia. Last ethanol consumption by the alcoholics was 24 h preoperatively, as they had no access to alcohol when admitted to the hospital. Propofol was infused at a rate of 1200 mL/h (200 mg/min). ⋯ The dose of propofol required for dropping the syringe was significantly higher in the alcoholic group, 4.2 +/- 1.02 mg/kg versus 3.2 +/- 0.75 mg/kg in the control group (P < 0.01). The two groups did not differ significantly regarding the propofol blood concentrations at loss of consciousness, or the frequency of response or no response to painful stimulus. These findings suggest that the doses of propofol required to induce anesthesia in chronic alcoholic patients are more than in patients who drink socially.