Anesthesia and analgesia
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Anesthesia and analgesia · Aug 1996
Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative Study Clinical TrialPreoperative wound infiltration with bupivacaine reduces early and late opioid requirement after hysterectomy.
We conducted a randomized, double-blind trial to evaluate the early and late analgesic effect of preoperative wound infiltration with bupivacaine 0.25% (40 mL) compared to placebo (NaCl 0.9%, 40 mL) in patients undergoing major surgery. Forty-one patients scheduled for elective hysterectomy during general anesthesia were included. The pain management focused on pain prevention, including preoperative administration of nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), and peroperative administration of opioids. ⋯ With identical pain scores in the two groups, the requested total amount of buprenorphine was greater in the placebo group (2.0 [0-5.1] mg) (median and [range]) than in the bupivacaine group (0.8 [0-2.8] mg) (P < 0.05). The demand for analgesics occurred earlier in those who received placebo (225 min) than in those who received bupivacaine (345 min), but did not reach the level of significance. In conclusion, preoperative wound infiltration with bupivacaine improved immediate and late postoperative pain management after hysterectomy compared to placebo.
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Anesthesia and analgesia · Aug 1996
Randomized Controlled Trial Clinical TrialIsoflurane anesthesia does not add to the bronchodilating effect of a beta 2-adrenergic agonist after tracheal intubation.
This double-blind study investigates whether isoflurane/N2O anesthesia adds to the bronchodilating effect of the beta 2-adrenergic agonist, fenoterol, after an endotracheal tube (ETT)-induced increase in airway resistance. Forty-five patients with ASA physical status I-II were randomly assigned to two groups: fenoterol-treated patients (n = 23) were given three metered-dose inhaler puffs (600 micrograms) of fenoterol 10 min before induction of anesthesia and placebo-treated patients (n = 22) received three puffs of an aerosol containing no medication. Anesthesia was induced with thiopental and vecuronium intravenously. ⋯ Rrs declined by a mean of 17.1% after 30 min of inhalation anesthesia in the placebo-treated patients but declined by only 1.4% in the fenoterol-treated patients (P < 0.05 for fenoterol provides protection versus placebo). Our results confirm that fenoterol provides protection against ETT-induced increase of airway resistance. However, isoflurane, while a potent bronchodilator, does not add to the effect of fenoterol.
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Anesthesia and analgesia · Aug 1996
Randomized Controlled Trial Clinical TrialThe pharmacokinetics of continuous epidural sufentanil and bupivacaine infusion after thoracotomy.
In a double-blind, randomized study in patients undergoing thoracic surgery the plasma and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) pharmacokinetics of the epidural sufentanil were studied by using radioimmunoassay analysis. Sufentanil was given as an infusion (1 microgram/mL) at the lumbar (Ls; n = 11), or thoracic (Ts; n = 12) level, or epidural sufentanil combined with bupivacaine (1 mg/ mL) at the thoracic level (Tsb; n = 14). Postoperatively, the infusion was adjusted to optimize analgesia. ⋯ The terminal elimination half-life of sufentanil in CSF was 7.2 +/- 0.6 h. During steady state the CSF concentrations were not homogeneously distributed and they were higher than those in plasma. These pharmacokinetic findings support the concept that epidural sufentanil analgesia is optimal when administered segmentally and tailored to the surgical incision.
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Anesthesia and analgesia · Aug 1996
Randomized Controlled Trial Multicenter Study Clinical TrialA multicenter evaluation of total intravenous anesthesia with remifentanil and propofol for elective inpatient surgery.
Remifentanil is a mu-opioid receptor agonist with a context sensitive half-time of 3 min and an elimination half-life < or = 10 min. This study sought to evaluate the efficacy of remifentanil and propofol total intravenous anesthesia (TIVA) in 161 patients undergoing inpatient surgery. Remifentanil 1 microgram/kg was given intravenously (i.v.) followed by one of two randomized infusion rates: small dose (0.5 micrograms.kg-1.min-1) or large dose (1 microgram.kg-1.min-1). ⋯ The most frequent adverse events were hypotension (systolic blood pressure [BP] < 80 mm Hg or mean BP < 60 mm Hg) during anesthesia induction (10% small-dose versus 15% large-dose group; P = not significant [NS]) and hypotension (27% small-dose versus 30% large-dose group; P = NS), and bradycardia (7% small-dose versus 19% large-dose group; P = NS) during maintenance. In conclusion, when combined with propofol 75 micrograms.kg-1.min-1, remifentanil 1 microgram/kg i.v. as a bolus followed by an infusion of 1.0 microgram.kg-1.min-1 effectively controls responses to tracheal intubation. After tracheal intubation, remifentanil 0.25-4.0 micrograms.kg-1.min-1 effectively controlled intraoperative responses while allowing for rapid emergence from anesthesia.
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Anesthesia and analgesia · Aug 1996
Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative Study Clinical TrialA comparison of costs and efficacy of ondansetron and droperidol as prophylactic antiemetic therapy for elective outpatient gynecologic procedures.
Ondansetron and droperidol are both effective prophylactic antiemetics for gynecologic outpatient procedures. However, increased drowsiness, delayed discharge, and postdischarge restlessness may occur with droperidol, and ondansetron is costly. In this prospective, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study involving 161 women, we compared the efficacy, safety, and cost-effectiveness of ondansetron (4 mg intravenously [i.v.] with droperidol (0.65 mg or 1.25 mg i.v.) in the prevention of postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) after outpatient gynecologic surgery. ⋯ The incidence of PONV in the hospital and after discharge, the need for rescue antiemetic therapy, and recovery and discharge times were similar for the ondansetron and both droperidol groups but differed significantly from those for the placebo group. The cost-effectiveness ratios for both droperidol 0.65 mg and 1.25 mg groups were significantly lower than those for the ondansetron and placebo groups. We conclude that droperidol 0.625 mg i.v. provides antiemetic prophylaxis comparable to that of ondansetron 4 mg i.v. without increasing side effects or delaying discharge and is most cost-effective.