Anesthesia and analgesia
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Anesthesia and analgesia · Nov 2000
Neuronal and astroglial injuries in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting and aortic arch replacement during hypothermic cardiopulmonary bypass.
More than 50% of patients suffer neuropsychologic impairment after cardiac surgery. We measured neuron-specific enolase (NSE) and S-100 protein (S-100) in patients' serum as putative markers of neuronal and astroglial cell injury, respectively. Group I (n = 13) underwent coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) with mild hypothermic cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB); Group II (n = 6) underwent aortic arch replacement with deep hypothermic CPB; Group III (n = 8) underwent CABG under normothermia without CPB. During and after the operation, serum levels of NSE and S-100 were significantly increased only in Groups I and II (during CPB), NSE still being increased 12 h after surgery in Group II. This suggests that neuronal and astroglial cell injuries are more likely in patients undergoing CABG with mild hypothermic CPB or aortic arch replacement with deep hypothermic CPB than in those undergoing CABG under normothermia without CPB. However, these increases of NSE and S-100 failed to reflect clinical brain damage. Rather, an electroencephalogram, was only capable of detecting neurologic complications after surgery. ⋯ Neuronal and astroglial cell injuries are likely to occur during coronary artery bypass grafting with mild hypothermic cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) or aortic arch replacement with deep hypothermic CPB. Conversely, patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting without CPB under normothermic conditions may be less likely to suffer brain cell injury.
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Anesthesia and analgesia · Nov 2000
Case ReportsReinforcement of laryngeal mask airway cuff position with endotracheal tube cuff for airway control in a patient with altered upper airway anatomy.
This case report suggests that the laryngeal mask airway (LMA) cuff position may not be optimal in some difficult airway situations in which the anatomical position of the larynx is altered. Reinforcement of the LMA cuff position by an additional cuff on the dorsal side of the LMA cuff may prove helpful. In this case, in which a difficult airway was anticipated, a nasopharyngeal tube cuff placed behind the standard LMA cuff helped relieve upper airway obstruction.